CHAP01Gruber Why Study Public Finance 公共金融与 及公共政策课件.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? ? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber Prepared by:FERNANDO QUIJANO, YVONN QUIJANO,KYLE THIEL APARNA SUBRAMANIAN 1 Why Study Public Finance? ? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e Jonathan Gruber Why Study Public Finance? 1.4 Conclusion 1.3 Why Study Public Finance Now? Policy Debates over Social Security, Health Care, and Education 1.2 Why Study Public Finance? Facts on Government in the United States and Around the World 1.1 The Four Questions of Public Finance Controversies about the proper role of the government raise the fundamental questions addressed by the branch of economics known as public finance. The goal of public finance is to understand the proper role of the government in the economy. Chapter 1 The Four Questions of Public Finance 1 . 1 public finance The study of the role of the government in the economy. four questions of public finance When should the government intervene in the economy? How might the government intervene? What is the effect of those interventions on economic outcomes? Why do governments choose to intervene in the way that they do? market failure Problem that causes the market economy to deliver an outcome that does not maximize efficiency. When Should the Government Intervene in the Economy? Market Failures 1 . 1 The Four Questions of Public Finance The Measles Epidemic of 1989–1991 ? A P P L I C A T I O N After the measles vaccine was introduced in 1963, measles cases had become relatively rare in the U.S. by the 1980s. Over the period from 1989 to 1991, however, there was a huge resurgence in measles. It is clear that this outbreak resulted from very low immunization rates among disadvantaged inner-city youths. These unimmunized children were imposing a negative externality on other children who had received their immunizations but for whom immunization may have w