chapter3 turbo-charging 发动机原理英文PPT教程文件.pptVIP

* * Turbocharging Turbocharging is a particular form of supercharging in which a compressor is driven by an exhaust gas turbine. The concept of supercharging, supplying pressurised air to an engine. By pressurising the air at inlet to the engine the mass flow rate of air increases, and there can be a corresponding increase in the fuel flow rate. This leads to an increase in power output and usually an improvement in efficiency since mechanical losses in the engine are not solely dependent on the power output. Compressors Compressors can be divided into two classes: positive displacement and non -positive displacement types. 1. Examples of positive displacement compressors include Roots, sliding vane, screw, reciprocating piston and Wankel types 2. The axial and radial flow compressors are dynamic or non-positive displacement compressors Superchargers and turbochargers 1.Comprex pressure wave supercharger A final type of supercharger is the Brown Boveri Comprex pressure wave supercharger shown in figure 9.3. The paddle-wheel type rotor is driven from the engine crankshaft, yet the air is compressed by the pressure waves from the exhaust. The Comprex supercharger absorbs minimal power from its drive, and has a good transient response; but it is expensive to make and requires a drive. The fuel economy is worse than a turbocharger, and its thermal loading is higher. Radial flow and axial flow machines Introduction and fluid mechanics The efficiency of turbines and compressors depends on their type (axial or radial flow) and size. Efficiency increases with size, since the losses associated with the clearances around the blades become less significant in large machines. These effects are less severe in radial flow machines, so although they are inherently less efficient than axial machines their relative efficiency is better in the smaller sizes. A typical automotive turbocharger is shown in figure 9.4, with a radial flow compressor and turbine. Axial flow