章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture_1_句子结构 民大加强版.ppt

17.?Sentence expansion exercises The end of the pier. The end of the pier is near. The end of the pier is near, I fear. The end of the pier is near, I fear, and the mist hasn’t cleared. 18.?Sentence expansion exercises That’s a rare pair. That’s a rare pair for a mayor. That’s a rare pair for a mayor to wear. That’s a rare pair for a mayor to wear and hard to bear as he sits in his chair. 19.?Sentence expansion exercises I’m sure. I’m sure this is newer. I’m sure this is newer and purer. I’m sure this is newer and purer than the drink in that ewer. 20.?Sentence expansion exercises Willie went away. Willie went away to the woods. Willie went away to the woods with an ax in her left hand, weeping quietly. Willie went away to the woods with an ax in her left hand, weeping quietly on the way. * Transformational Rules Phrase structure rules represent ‘deep’ structure- always generate structures with fixed word order. Mary saw George recently Recently Mary saw George * Transformation 1.2 Basic Clause Types In terms of the different combinations of clause elements, English clauses can be classified into SEVEN BASIC TYPES: SVC: Subject +Verb +Complement SV: Subject + Verb SVO: Subject + Verb +Object SVoO: Subject + Verb + object + Object SVOC: Subject + Verb + Object + Complement SVA: Subject + Verb + Adverbial SVOA: Subject + Verb + Object + Adverbial §1 Basic clause types These seven combinations of clause elements are wholly or largely determined by the main verb in the clause. The main verb in an SVC pattern is a linking or copula verb which must be followed by a subject complement. The car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer. These flowers smell fragrant. All the tourists seemed pleased. The main verb in an SV pattern is an intransitive verb which is not to be followed by any obligatory element except for a limited number of intransitive verbs which require an obligatory adv