中医诊疗中思维定势探析.docVIP

中医诊疗中思维定势探析 　　摘 要：思维是人所特有的认识能力，是人的意识掌握客观事物的高级形式。它一直是哲学、心理学、神经生物学及其它一些学科的重要研究内容。中医因其独特的理论体系和诊疗模式使得医者在诊疗过程中起关键作用。然而，医者在后天学习过程中不可避免地会形成一些思维定势。思维定势具有趋向性、常规性和程序性的特性；普遍存在于诊疗中。它一方面对诊疗过程产生积极的作用，另一方面使医者的思维产生了盲区。从金元医学的两则事例来看，思维定势对中医学的发展产生了深远的影响。因此，在诊疗过程中，医者应抓住思维定势的特性来完善自己的思维。同时，还应借助群体智慧，运用综合研讨的方式和系统思维的方法来覆盖诊疗思维中的盲区；提升辨证论治水平。 　　关键词：金元医学；诊疗思维；思维定势 　　中图分类号：R241 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-7717（2011）04-0712-03 　　Explore the Thinking Set in the Diagnosis-Treatment Process of TCM 　　LI Rui-xiang,MENG Qing-gang 　　（Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029,China） 　　Abstract:Thinking is peculiar to mankind. It is an advanced form in cognitive activities. And it is always an important research object in the studies of philosophy, psychology, neurophysiology and some other disciplines. In TCM, by reasons of its unique theoretical system and diagnosis-treatment model, the doctor plays the main role in the diagnosis-treatment process. However, it is inevitable that some thinking set take shape in doctors mind. With the characteristics of tropism, convention and program, it is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the diagnosis-treatment process of TCM. On one hand, it brings some positive effects to the diagnosis and treatment on the other hand, it makes doctors have blind zones of thinking. After the analysis of two medical occurrences in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it is obvious that thinking set has deeply affected the development of TCM. Therefore, doctors should explore the characteristics of thinking set to improve their own thinking. Besides, by the aid of collective intelligence, they should take advantage of the synthesis workshop and the system thinking to cover the blind zones of thinking in the diagnosis-treatment process. Thus, the quality of pattern identification and treatment will be improved. 　　Key words: Jin-Yuan medicine diagnosis-treatment thinking thinking set 　　金元医学，是中医学术发展史上的里程碑，成效卓著，影响深远；它在祖国医学发展史上具有很好的代表性。言及金元医学，建树最多的当推刘完素、张从正、李杲和朱震亨；被后世称为“金元四大家”。本文选取了李杲和刘完素的两则事例，以此来