生物医学工程电子仪器01CardiovascularPhysiologyPPT.ppt

?????????????????? Engineering Technology Department of Engineering Technology Cardiovascular Physiology segalewitz@udayton.edu Prof. Scott Segalewitz Circulatory System ? Blood Flow ? Blood Flow (continued) Actual blood flow is more complex since resistance is not constant – vessel walls are not rigid, and blood is subject to changes in viscosity. Blood Changes in Viscosity Viscosity is the resistance to flow due to the internal friction of the fluid. Since blood is essentially a suspension of particles (blood cells) in a watery liquid (plasma), the viscosity of blood depends on several factors: As flow decreases, viscosity increases As the hematocrit increases, viscosity increases When blood reaches arterioles of about 1mm in diameter, the blood cells align along the direction of laminar flow, reducing viscosity In the capillaries, blood cells squeeze through in single file, increasing apparent viscosity Poiseuille’s Law ? ? Example Problems Find the resistance of a blood vessel in which the flow rate is 1.7 mL/s at a blood pressure of 6.8 mmHg. Calculate the flow rate in a blood vessel with an average radius of 0.5 mm if the pressure drop over a 20 mm length is 7.2 mmHg and the blood viscosity is 0.01 Poise. Laminar Turbulent Flow Laminar Flow Turbulent Flow ? ? Blood Flow I II Q ?P The Heart Heart Valves Heart Valves Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral Aortic Valve Replacement Arterial Blood Pressure Flow Volume Loop Measuring Blood Pressure Indirect (non-invasive) Direct (invasive) Indirect Blood Pressure Measurement Indirect Blood Pressure Measurement Measuring Blood Pressure Measuring Blood Pressure Direct Blood Pressure Measurement Catheter Insertion Direct Blood Pressure Measurement Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Gradient Blood Pressure Gradient Blood Flow Measurement Thermodilution method ?????????????????? Engineering Technology