变态心理学（全套课件）英文.ppt

变态心理学 Chapter 2An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Models of Abnormality What is a model, theory, viewpoint, or paradigm? Set of assumptions & concepts that help us explain & interpret observations Uni-dimensional Multidimensional One-Dimensional: Psychodynamic Theory Central assumption: Abnormal behavior is caused by unconscious, dynamic, conflictual forces Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939) Freud and Abnormal Behavior 3 UNCONSCIOUS forces: Id – “pleasure principle” Ego – “reality principle” Superego – “morality principle” Abnormal behavior arises from intrapsychic conflict Emphasis: Early childhood Freud and Abnormal Behavior? Ego-defense mechanisms: Denial Fixation Projection Regression Freud and Abnormal Behavior? Psychosexual Stages of Development Oral (0 to 18 months of age) Anal (18 months to 3 years of age) Phallic (3 to 5 years of age) Latency (5 to 12 years of age) Genital (12 years of age to adulthood) Other Psychodynamic Theories Newer psychodynamic models: Anna Freud - influence of the ego in defining behavior Object-relations theory – focuses on early relationships Object = images, memories, and values of others Introjection – incorporation of objects Interpersonal theory – focuses on the development of problematic interpersonal tendencies Neo-Freudians De-emphasized the sexual core of Freud’s Theory Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, and Erik Erickson Psychodynamic Therapies Talk Therapy Unearth the hidden intrapsychic conflicts “The real problems” Therapy Is Often Long Term Techniques Free Association and Dream Analysis Examine Transference and Counter-Transference Issues Efficacy Data are Limited Video: Psychoanalytic Session Behavioral Theory Central assumption: Abnormal behavior is learned Emphasizes observable, environmental factors Forms of conditioning: Classical conditioning – proximal events elicit the same response Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Classical Conditioning Behavioral Theory Forms of condi