英语语法-现在完成时讲解.docVIP

第六讲 现在完成时 概念： 1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和 for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词. eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years. She has been ill for a week. 2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到 ) I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了. --- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗? --- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了) 2. 结构: 主语 + have / has + done + … 3. 句型: ⑴ 肯定句: ① 主语 + have / has + done + … eg： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海. I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了. ⑵ 否定句: ① 主语 + have / has + not +done + … eg： I haven’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影. eg： She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业. ⑶ 一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语 + done + … eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t . 你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有. eg： Has she finished doing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t. 她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有. ⑷ 特殊疑问句： ① 特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + done + … eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影? eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业? 4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有： for 、since、 already、 yet、 ever、 never、 recently、just、before、 so far、 by now、 …等连用. 注意: for+一段时间 since+过去的某一个时间点 I have lived in Nanning for ten years. I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago/ 2002. I haven’t eaten anything for ten hours. I ha haven’t eaten anything since 6am. already :用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末. I have already finished my homework. yet: 用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末. Have you finished your homework yet? I haven’t finished my homework yet. ever: 曾经 用于疑问句中： Have you ever been to Beijing? Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗? never: 未曾 从未 I have never traveled by pla