A-Review-of-Photovoltaic-Cells光伏电池英文简介.ppt

A Review of Photovoltaic Cells David Toub ECE42312/16/06 Agenda Introduction Functionality Semiconductor Properties VTC Efficiency and PV Design Auxiliary Design Applications Research Conclusions Introduction Clean Energy PV System Cells Energy storage Charge Controller AC/DC converter Functionality pn diode No illumination Diode behavior e, h separated Illumination Incident photons create e-h pairs E field?e-h pairs separate Semiconductor Absolute 0 ? Perfect insulator Temp increases ? conduction increases External energy raises temperature VTC Performance Limits Pm = Vmax x Imax Incorporate load Energy Conversion Efficiency η =Pm/(E x Ac) Primary Challenge Incident photons EpEbg ? Elost EpEbg ? Ee- + Elost Ep=Ebg ? Ee- Silicon tradeoff High bg ? loss Low bg ? E, V reduced Optimal at bg=1.4eV Loss Tradeoffs Cell Top Must be transparent Too thin ? bad conduction Cell Interior grid Large grid helps e-’s Large grid blocks photons Auxiliary Design Heavy modules structural stress Wind tension Pollution Fan Example Speed Acceleration Without illumination E/V ?Ah Applications Electric grid extensions not offered Clean Solar powered house Water pumping systems Garden lights Automobiles Source utility grid Satellites, shuttles Research Thin Film Cheap Increased unit loss Multilayer ?Efficiency Nanocrystalline Thin film + mesoporous MO Increased internal reflection Great efficiency ? expensive Conclusions Environmentally benign Inefficient ? uncommon ? Still fuel Future ? Efficiency increasing ?Cheaper References Ventre, Gerard. Messenger, Roger A. Ventre, Jerry. Photovoltaic Systems Engineering. CRC Press Technology and Industrial. 2004 F Lasnier. Photovoltaic Engineering Handbook TG Ang - 1990 - A. Hilger New York “Two layer organic Photovoltaic Cell.” -- Volume 48, Issue 2, pp. 183-185 Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York. Applied Physics Letters -- January 13, 1986 Harmon, C. “Experience Curves of Photovo