2001bilingual分子生物学8.pptVIP

第五章 原核生物基因表达与调控(Section K, L)Regulation and Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as rRNA genes or tRNA genes, the product is a functional RNA . Regulation of gene expression refers to the control of the amount and timing of appearance of the functional product of a gene. In prokaryotic DNA, several protein-coding genes commonly are clustered into a functional region, an operon, which is transcribed from a single promoter into one mRNA encoding multiple proteins with related functions. In eukaryotic DNA, each protein-coding gene is transcribed from its own promoter. The initial primary transcript contains introns and exons very often. It must undergo RNA processing to yield functional RNAs. 二、一些特殊生物的模板链认定 单链DNA生物（如ФХ174）：其天然DNA链（+链）复制，复制产物为反义链即模板链。 RNA病毒 “+”链RNA病毒，其RNA本身就是mRNA。 “－”链RNA病毒，其RNA需经复制，产生的“+”链方具mRNA功能。 三、原核生物 RNA聚合酶（ RNA pol in prokaryote) 第二节 原核生物的转录及其调控 Regulation and Control of Transcription in Prokaryotes 一、转录的起始与延续(initiation and elongation of transcription)1、RNA多聚酶（RNA pol） 2、启动子 (Promoter)A promoter is a region of DNA where RNA pol. binds to initiate transcription. The promoter surrounds the first base pair that is transcribed into RNA, the startpoint. From this point, RNA pol moves along the template, synthesizing RNA until it reaches a terminator . The promoter consensus sequences consist of a purine at the startpoint, thehexamer TATAAT centered at –10, and another hexamer centered at –35. 启动子是DNA上一段与转录启始有关的、与RNA pol全酶结合亲和力很高的顺序。其本身不被转录，但是可被RNA pol识别。 当全酶与DNA结合，用核酸外切酶S1处理，除去未被RNA pol保护的区域的DNA，剩下65bp被保护区域，这一段顺序包括转录启始点I及其上、下游的顺序。 上游——————I————————下游 经顺序分析，发现几乎所有大肠杆菌的操纵子转录启始点（I）上游-10处都有一非常保守的顺序，称pribnow顺序（TATAAT），其保守程度在45%-100%： T80A95T45A60A50T96 Pribnow还发现在保护区内，-35区也较保守: T82T84G78A65C54A45由此