四级语法(各类从句).docVIP

英语四级语法讲解 从句 根据英语从句在句子中的作用，从句可分为三类： 名词性从句 Nominal Clauses 形容词性从句 Adjectival Clauses 副词性从句 Adverbial Clauses 名词性从句 Including: 主语从句 — Subject Clause 宾语从句 — Object Clause 表语从句 — Predicative Clause 同位语从句—Appositive Clause 形容词性从句 Attributive Clause定语从句 Restrictive ～ 限制性定语从句 Non-restrictive ～非限制性定语从句 副词性从句 Adverbial Clause状语从句 1 of Time （时间） 2 of Place（地点） 3 of Cause（原因） 4 of Result（结果） 5 of Purpose（目的） 6of Condition（条件） 7 of Concession（让步） 8 of Manner（方式） 9 of Comparison（比较） 10 of Analogy（类比） ＊从句类型的判定： 看从句在整个句子中处在什么位置上、作什么句子成分。 通常位于句子开头的从句是主语从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从句；系动词后面的从句是表语从句；名词后面的从句只能是同位语从句或定语从句；其它情况则都是状语从句。 ☆主语从句引导词 从属连词: that, whether 连接代词: what, which, who, whom 连接副词: when, where, why, how 1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all. 2 In some countries, B is called “equality” doesnt really mean equal right for equal people. A which B what C that D one ☆宾语从句引导词： 属连词: that, whether, if 连接代词: what, which, who, whom (词尾加-ever加强语气) 连接副词: when, where, why, how ☆表语从句引导词： 从属连词: that, whether, if 连接代词: what, which, who, whom 连接副词: when, where, why, how The question is whether we shall stay or not. / how we can get there. / whom he is looking for. / who he is. The reason is (that) he is ill. That’s what they did. / why I didnt come. ☆同位语从句引导词： 从属连词: that, whether 连接副词:when, where, why, how that: 无意义,不做成分,但不能省略. ＊同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词. 常见先行词有： idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question,sign, suspect,以及表示“建议、命令、请求”的词 (后者句中要用虚拟语气). The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the results. There was the question where we were to go. / what we were to do. / when we were to start. / how we could get there. / why we should help them. ☆定语从句引导词： 关系代词: who, whom, whose that, which, as ☆ 关系副词: when, where, why = 介词+关系代词 ☆ 1定语从句引导词在句中起三个作用: ①引导和连接主、从句 ②在从句中作某种成分 ③替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词） that, which: 先行词为事、