国外教育心理学课件2-8.pptVIP

Educational Psychology302 Session 8 Content Area Learning Behaviorism Reading . . . Emergent Literacy—Foundational skills of reading and writing. Phonological Awareness—Hearing distinct sounds within the spoken word. Word Decoding—Blend together the sounds associated with the words letters to determine what the word is. Keys to Teaching Reading . . . Help students achieve automaticity (sight-reading, retrieve meaning). Provide authentic reading materials (tied to personal experiences, contextually relevant) Provide time and opportunities for interaction around reading content. Involves translating ideas into written language. Knowledge telling—students write their thoughts in the order in which they retrieve them from long-term memory Knowledge transforming—students tailor their presentation to the things that their intended audience is likely to know and eventually understand (audience) Keys to Writing Instruction Emphasis on process vs. Emphasis on mechanics Encourage revision (word processing programs) Collaborative writing—complexity of texts, and writing improves Encourage writing in curriculum areas—fiction, business memo, science lab report, etc. Mathematics Foundation begins with numbers and counting (self-strategies) Next stage: applying concepts, principles and algorithms (formal) Ultimate objective is in helping students understand why the mathematical procedures they use are appropriate Strategies for Teaching Math Encourage Interaction—peer tutoring, dyads and small group work Means/End analysis—Encourage students to justify new principles and procedures Employ the use of calculators and computers—ease the load on the working memory, also facilitates experimentation Science At an early age, learners have constructed personal theories about the many observations they have made about the world. Constructive Process—As learners gather more and more information about the world they construct increasingly complex and integrated theories. Scientific Method