英语语法Lecture 27-29.pptVIP

Summary of Preposition The name “preposition” (pre + position) means “place before”. Prepositions usually come before another word, usually a noun or noun phrase: ? noun ? pronoun ? noun phrase ? gerund (verb in -ing form) Many prepositions can also be adverbs: ? They are in the kitchen. preposition ? Please come in. adverb A few prepositions can also be conjunctions: ? Everyone came but Tara. preposition ? I asked her but she didn’t answer. conjunction except, except for, excepting Prepositions of Time/ Place : at, on, and in Prepositions of Relation to and for benefactive relation or dative relation Collocation of prepositions with adjectives, verbs and nouns Statement, Question, Command, Exclamation Lecture 27 Types of sentences The sentence is the highest rank of grammatical of construction. In terms of their communicative functions, sentences may be divided into four types: statement, question, command and exclamation. A sentence can end with comma (,); a period (AmE) or full stop (BrE); a question mark; an exclamation; semicolon(;) colon(:); hyphen (-) apostrophe() dash (—) ‘ ’single quotation marks “ ”double quotation marks 27.1 Statements 1) Positive statements (attitudinal disjuncts, emphasizers, reinforcement tags, double negatives, rhetorical questions, and a stressed operator to soften the tone or to reinforce a statement) E.g.. Teaching 16 hours a week, I’m afraid, is too much for me. 2) Negative statements ( subject-operator inversion) A statement may be negated by “not” or other negative words. E.g.. He’s not a worker. Partial negation P.311 His wife sometimes made him curry. His wife did not ever make him curry. I told somebody something. I did not tell anybody anything. He is still living at this address. He is not yet living at this address. From Positive to Negative sometime→ not ever somebody/thing/one → nobody/thing/one → not anybody/thing/one still/already → not yet both →not either all →not any another →no other too → neithe