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ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE (PIPELINE) ULTRASONIC EQUIPMENT Ultrasonic Test Instrument The ultrasonic test instrument shall be the pulse-echo type suitable for use with transducers oscillating at frequencies between 2 and 6 MHz. The instrument’s display shall be an “A” scan rectified video trace. The dynamic range of the display shall be such that a difference of 1dB of amplitude can be easily detected on the display. The horizontal linearity of the test instrument shall be qualified within 1% over the full sound path distance to be used in testing. The instrument shall also provide a amplifier linearity within 5% of full screen height. The instrument shall have a calibrated gain (Attenuation) electrically accurate to within plus or minus 2dB over a range of not less than 60 dB. Each instrument-transducer combination shall be capable of producing a minimum 3/4 CRT vertical scale deflection from an echo received from the 4 in. radius curved surface of the IIW calibration block with a minimum of 40 dB amplification in reserve . Probe Probes as a straight beam probes 0 degree and angle beam probes of 45, 60 and 70 degree. The selection of probe shall be in accordance with client specification and actual WPS ( thickness, welding bevel, etc.) straight beam probe Straight beam probes shall be round in shape and shall have an active area of not less than 12.5 mm in diameter nor more than 25 mm in diameter maximum. The frequency shall be between 2 to 5 MHz. Probes of other sizes and frequencies may be used provided they are qualified as described in API RP 2X code and approved by client. Angle beam probe The oscillating element shall be approximately square / or round in shape with dimensions which result in an included beam angle of approximately 15 degrees at 6 dB less than the centerline maximum. A probe with a transducer element in size from 8 to 13 mm in width and 9 to 13 mm in height operating at 2 to 5 MHz shall be mostly used in accordance with the code’s recommend