宁波大学计算机网络协议题.docVIP

1. The quantity La/R is useful in gaining an intuitive understanding of the extent of the queuing delay. In particular, if traffic intensity is close to zero, then packet arrivals are few and far between and it is unlikely that an arriving packet will find another packet in the queue. Hence, the average queuing delay will be close to zero. On the other hand, when the traffic intensity is close to 1, there will be intervals of time when the arrival rate exceeds the transmission capacity (due to the burstiness of arrivals), and a queue will form. As the traffic intensity approaches 1, the average queue length gets larger and larger. The qualitative dependence of average queuing delay on the traffic intensity is shown in Figure 1.20.? Figure 1.20: Dependence of average queuing delay on traffic density One important aspect of Figure 1.20 is the fact that as the traffic intensity approaches 1, the average queuing delay increases rapidly. A small percentage increase in the intensity will result in a much larger percentage-wise increase in delay. 根据文献中的论述，用中文分析和回答以下问题： 什么条件下节点的排队延时非常小？（2分） 什么条件下节点的排队延时不断加大？（2分） 什么条件下节点的排队延时变得非常大？（2分） 用你生活中的例子解释“A small percentage increase in the intensity will result in a much larger percentage-wise increase in delay.” （4分） 2. The general format for a HTTP request message, as shown in Figure 2.7. Figure 2.7: General format of a request message We see that the general format of a request message closely follows our earlier example. You may have noticed, however, that after the header lines (and the additional carriage return and line feed) there is an entity body. The entity body is not used with the GET method, but is used with the POST method. The HTTP client uses the POST method when the user fills out a form--for example, when a user gives search words to a search engine such as Google. With a POST message, the user is still requesting a Web page from the server, but the specific contents of the Web page depend on what the user ente