精品邻苯二甲酸酯（课件.ppt

* The molecule has a plane of symmetry ? Not asymmetric Q.19 Indicate the asymmetric carbon atom(s) in each of the following molecules. Which of them is/are optically active ? * Four different groups attached to the carbon ? asymmetric Not the same Q.19 Indicate the asymmetric carbon atom(s) in each of the following molecules. Which of them is/are optically active ? * * * Optically inactive A meso compound Q.19 Indicate the asymmetric carbon atom(s) in each of the following molecules. Which of them is/are optically active ? * Optically inactive A meso compound * * Q.19 Indicate the asymmetric carbon atom(s) in each of the following molecules. Which of them is/are optically active ? * Properties of enantiomers Identical physical properties except their optical activities. (+)butan-2-ol (-)butan-2-ol m.p. 99.5?C 99.5?C * Properties of enantiomers Identical chemical properties except their reactions with optically active substances. * Racemic mixture (racemate) An equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers Opically inactive The clockwise rotation caused by the (+)isomer is cancelled by the anti-clockwise rotation caused by the (-)isomer external cancellation * Racemic mixture (racemate) The (+)isomer and (-)isomer are different structures One serves as the impurity of the other in a racemic mixture. A racemic mixture has a lower m.p. than its components. (+)butan-2-ol (-)butan-2-ol (?)butan-2-ol m.p. 99.5?C 99.5?C 99.5?C * Identification of solid unknowns By melting point determination Determine the m.p. of the unknown and compare the result with the m.p. of known compounds * Identification of solid unknowns 2. By mixed melting point determination (more reliable) Mix the unknown solid with a pure solid with known m.p. Determine the m.p. of the