Framework Convention in Climate Change在气候变化框架公约.pptVIP

Framework Convention on Climate Change Basis for all negotiations since 1992 Ratified by 186 Countries Ratified by United States Commits all Parties (developed and developing) to reduce emissions Recognizes notion of common but differentiated responsibilities “Stabilization of atmospheric GHG concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” No binding commitments for specific reductions Views on Scientific Status IPCC Assessment Reports - meet minimum credibility to drive policy process Recognize general consensus on potential temperature increase and sea level rise Other Effects - Speculative, likely to be unresolved before policy implementation Current concern more properly focused on rate of change Returning atmosphere in 200 year period to CO2 concentrations not seen in 50 million years U.S. Policy Framework Pre - Kyoto Binding targets and timetables Single basket of gases Flexible market mechanisms No international harmonized policies and measures Developing country role Long term objective Kyoto Protocol Binding targets and timetables Single basket of gases Flexible market mechanisms (placeholder) No common policies and measures Developing country rule - unresolved Long-term objective - unidentified Industry Views On Kyoto No organized opposition outside U.S. Wait and see attitude on completion of market mechanisms Little strong support for protocol Primary U.S. opposition focused in energy industry Basis For Opposition To Kyoto Purely political Emissions Cap Stringency of target and timetable Lack of developing country role All of above Basis for International Views of U.S. Position - Perception U.S. highest per capita emissions Appearance of lack of domestic policy Fear of market mechanisms as U.S. advantage Dominance over developing countries Basis for International Views of U.S. Position - Reality Emissions declined vs. economic growth Domestic expenditures on climate change greater t