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Chapter 5 Composing Essays I. Criteria of a Good Composition Three criteria: We should write something clearly, accurately, appropriately. * II. Steps in Writing a Composition Planning a composition--------How to plan a composition? Put down all the relevant facts. Think of a proper theme and decide on our purpose. Reexamine the details and write an outline. ( There are 2 kinds of outlines -------- The 1st one is “sentence outline” and the 2nd one is “topic outline”. ) * 4 requirements for writing an outline: a)A sentence outline is written in sentences. b)A topic outline is written in noun phrases. c)Don’t mix these 2 forms together. d)The theme should be a complete affirmative sentence; don’t write a negative sentence or a question for the theme. * Writing the 1st draft Revising the 1st draft in 4 aspects---------in grammar, in diction, in spelling and in punctuation Making the final copy * III. 3 Main Parts of a Composition 1) the beginning---the introduction 2) the middle---the body 3)the end---the conclusion * How to write the beginning?--------7 devices use relevant background information write the time and place of the event to be described use a quotation raise a question use a statement use figures or statistics use a definition * How to write the middle? If a composition consists of seven paragraphs, the middle should account for 5 paragraphs. That is the very length of the body. The middle should present the writer’s ideas and facts clearly and logically. * How to write the end? The end can be a restatement or a summary of the points discussed in the composition. In the last paragraph there should not be any new ideas. If someone raised a question in the first paragraph, an answer should be given in the last paragraph. * IV. Types of Writing --------- 5 types of writing: narration, 2. description, 3. exposition, 4. argumentation, 5. practical writing Narration What can be narrations? stories (true stories and imaginary stories) biographies
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