本科生毕业设计-全数字直流双闭环调速系统的设计.doc

全数字直流双闭环调速系统的设计 摘要 近年来，自动化控制系统在各行业中得到了广泛的应用和发展，而直流调速系统作为电力拖动系统的主要方式之一，在现代化生产中起着十分重要的作用。随着微电子技术的不断发展，计算机在调速系统中的应用使控制系统得到简化，体积减小，可靠性提高，而且各种经典和智能算法也都分别在调速系统中得到了灵活的应用，以此来达到最优控制效果。 以单片机为控制核心的数字直流调速系统有着许多优点：由于速度给定和测速采用了数字化，能够在很宽的范围内高精度测速，所以扩大了调速的范围，提高了测速控制系统的精度；由于硬件的高度集成化，所以使得零部件数量大大减少；由于很多功能都是由软件实现的，使硬件得以简化，因此故障率小；单片机以数字信号工作，控制方法灵活便捷，抗干扰能力较强。 本论文在直流调速系统理论研究的基础上，以80C196KC单片机为控制核心，对双闭环直流调速系统中的转速调节器采了用PID控制算法、电流调节器采用了PI算法，设计了一套全数字直流电机双闭环调速系统。并且介绍了直流电机调速系统的功能和特性，分析了双闭环PID控制的调速系统的数学模型，确定了电流环和转速环的比例和积分系数。此外，本次设计采用了数字式速度给定和数字式测速方法，大大提高了速度控制的精度。 关键词：直流电动机；调速；PID 控制；双闭环 Design of Digital Double Closed-loop DC Speed Regulation System Abstract In recent years，autocontrol system has been widely used and developed in every walk of life.The DC speed regulation,as the artery in the area of electic drive system acts the main effect in mordernization.With the development of the microelectritcity,the use of the computer in speed regulation system simplies the system,reduces the volume,increases the reliability.The Optimum Control is achieved by the use of both classical methods and intelligent methods. The digital speed control system for DC motor,which use Chip Microcontroller(SCM) as its processor has many merits.The speed giving and speed measuring adopt digital method,the system can measure the speed accuracy within a wide range,which expans the speed control scope and enhances its precession;the hardware is highly integrated,the number of the parts is sharply minimized;as most functions are carried out by software,the rate of malfunction is low.Moreover,as SCM works with digital signal,its control is flexible and its ability to anti-interference is very high. The paper is based on the theory of DC speed regulation.In this paper， a 80C196KC SCM is used as the processor for the speed control system of DC motor. The kind of speed controller is PID and that of current controller is PI. It is also discussed in this paper how to analyze the math model of double- close- loop speed contr