情态动词讲解(虚拟、推测、基本用法).doc

情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，是辅助性动词，在句中不能充当谓语。 虚拟： 1.表示对过去发生动作的遗憾或责备，意为“本….” might/ could have done 肯 本可以 should have done = ought to have done 肯、否、疑 本应该 needn’t have done 否 本没有必要做却做了 You might have given him more help, though you were busy. Why didn’t Sophie apply for the job? She could have got it. You shouldn’t have watched TV last night. He is still young. You needn’t have sent him such an expensive present. didn’t need to do 本没必要做也没做 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气 ? 　　虚拟条件句 　　　主句 与现在事实相反 ? were/ did ?would /should/might/could＋do 与过去相反 ?had done would /should/might/could＋have done 与将来相反 ? were/ did should do were to do ?would /should/might/could＋do If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match. 错综时间条件句 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. without, with, but for, otherwise,but等词或短语可构成含蓄条件句 Without water, there would be no life. But for your help, we wouldn’t have finished the task. ★如果虚拟条件句中有were ,had, should，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． Were I at school again, I would study harder. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 3．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 用于宾语从句 ★wish 后面的宾语从句 wish宾从 谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反 were/ did 与过去相反 had done 与将来相反 Would/ should do I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go. ★insist, order, command,suggest, advise,propose, require, demand,request,ask,desire(期望)等表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等含义时，宾从用(should) do They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. ★上述动词的名词形式可带有表语从句和同位语从句，仍使用虚拟 My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. 4．虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用 ★It’s ( high ) time that sb. did…….. ★would rather that sb. did ( 现在或将来 ) / had done（ 过去 ）……. ★so that, in order that引导的目的状从中，谓语动词常用may/ might/ can/ could do 推测: 情动+ do/ be 现在、将来 情动+ have done 过去 must +be/ have done 肯 强 ︱ 弱 can/ could 否、疑 （could偶