(ppt)兽医生理学第一讲代谢（metabolism）与生物能量学（.pptVIP

獸醫生理學 第一講 代謝(metabolism)與生物能量學(bioenergics) (參考：獸醫解剖生理學(中) pp.99-102) Definitions of the metabolism / internal respiration 1.The utilization of nutrients by the cell, consisting essentially of oxidation of carbon compounds to carbon dioxide and water with the release of ENERGY. ------This is not like burning but is slow, controlled, stepwise process. ＊Oxidation not only includes the addition of oxygen but also refers to the removal of hydrogen / electrons. ;2.Metabolism refers to the sum of the biochemical reactions occurring in each cell. Those reactions that build and maintain the body through energy formation are called anabolic (1) and those reactions that release energy by the breakdown of substances are called catabolic (2). ＊(1)The animals obtain this energy directly if they are herbivorous, or indirectly if they are carnivorous. ＊(2)This energy is temporarily stored in the form of so-called ‘high energy bonds’ , which link phosphorus and oxygen atoms in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ;一。Nutrition and Growth;一。Nutrition and Growth(continue);二。 Further explanation of the relationship of cell and energy 1.Cell can obtain the energy (1)能量非源自創造，而是由一種chemicals移轉為另一種 currency。 (2)它的最佳受質(substrate)是glucose與fatty acid ＊它們並不是被用來製成ATP，而是在涉及之化學反應中， 將ADP轉化為ATP，最後再將能量移轉出來。 2.Cell can store the energy (1)ATP是一個高堤勢(high bank balance)：可直接釋出能量 (2)ADP是一個低堤勢(low bank balance)：必需先加高(賦予 能量)成為ATP之後，才能作出進一步之釋能行為。 ;二。Further explanation of the relationship of cell and energy (continue) 3.Linkage reaction of muscle constriction and restoration ATP → ADP + H3PO4 + Energy …… 立即使用 CP → creatine + H3PO4 + Energy …… 與ADP再合成 ATP之用 Glycogen → lactic acid + Energy …… 與creatine及H3PO4合成 (anaerobic glycolysis