四级翻译 虚拟语气.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1　　if条件句中的虚拟语气形式　　1）if 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。　　在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式：　　假设类型 条件从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式　　与现在事实相反 动词过去时（be 用 were） Should（would，could，might） + 动词原形　　与过去事实相反 Had + 过去分词 Should（would，could, might）+ have + 过去分词　　与将来事实可能相反 动词过去时（should+动词原形，were to + 动词原形） Should（would，could，might）+ 动词原形　　If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.　　假如没有引力，我们就不可能行走。　　I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.　　假如别人不告诉我，我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。　　2） 正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were，had, should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面。如果句中没有were，had或should时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。例如：　　Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.　　要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。　　Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。　　Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.　　假如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。　　3） 通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如：　　If I were you, I would have taken his advice.　　我要是你，我就采纳了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去）　　If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.　　如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。（从句指过去，主句指现在）　　 含蓄虚拟条件句　　1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。例如：　　Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.　　要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功的。　　But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.　　要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。　　He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.　　他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。　　He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.　　他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。　　2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/ would be 形式和should/ would have been 虚拟形式。例如：　　Any men in his position would have done like that.　　任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。　　You should (ought to) have come earlier.　　你本应来得早点。　其他句型中的虚拟语气　　1）在would rathe