TheSelfConcept：自我概念.pptVIP

The Self Concept Who we are from our own perspective Our Many Selves Self consciousness, self schema, and individuation The self as actor The personal self and the social self The positive and negative possible self: Ideal self versus real self Self Focus and The Self Reference Effect People shift from external focus to self focus and there are individual differences in how much one focuses on the self. Adolescents have more self focus and experience the imaginary audience as a result of adolescent egocentricity in cognitive development. The self reference effect deals with better memory for things related to the self Personal-Social Identity Continuum At any given moment we vary in how much we identify with the personal self (intragroup comparisons) and how much we identify our self with identity groups (intergroup comparisons) Situational factors such as whether we are in a minority in a group help determine how important group identity is to us. Terror Management Theory When threats such as salience of our own mortality exists we tend to increase self identification with the group. Existential terror causes more allignment and identity. People see themselves as similar to the group. An exception is when a negative aspect of the group is salient. Then people distance themselves. Self Monitoring High self monitors: Regulation of behavior on the basis of external factors especially the evaluation of others. Low self monitors: Regulation of behavior based on internal factors especially values and sense of self. Core Social Motives Belonging: Group membership and identity Understanding: Sharing meaning and prediction Controlling: Perceived congruency between behavior and outcome Self Enhancement: Seeing self as worthy or basically improvable. Trusting: Others seen as basically benign Self Esteem Self esteem: Sense of self worth. High self esteem represents a close relationship between the ideal self and the real self. Self esteem can be measured as a glob