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MiddleSchoolProgrammaticCharacteristicsandStudentA：中学方案的特点和学生.ppt

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MiddleSchoolProgrammaticCharacteristicsandStudentA：中学方案的特点和学生

Middle School Programmatic Characteristics and Student Achievement: A Preliminary Report of a Comprehensive, State-wide Study Preliminary Findings as of October 28, 2005 Presentation to National Middle School Association Annual Convention November 4, 2005 Matthew Goodman School Improvement Assistant, Springfield Public Schools, Springfield, MO Jerry Valentine Director, Middle Level Leadership Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO The Issue Whether or not middle schools are value-adding, in other words, “Are middle school programs and practices influencing student success academically?” The Emerging Middle School The modern day middle school has its foundation in the origins of the junior high movement, but was not really given the identity it currently assumes until the 1960s. During this time, two publications directed the educational community’s attention to the education of young adolescents: The Emergent Middle School written by William Alexander and his colleagues in 1968 and The Middle School written by Donald Eichhorn in 1966. An Emerging Definition of a Middle School “…it is a school providing a program planned for a range of older children, preadolescents, and early adolescents that builds upon the elementary school program for earlier childhood and in turn is built upon by the high school’s program for adolescents….Thus, the emergent middle school may be best thought of as a phase and program of schooling bridging but differing from the childhood and adolescent phases and programs” (Alexander, et al., 1968, p.5). The Issue Persists into the 1970s Many alleged characteristics of the senior high have ‘contaminated’ the junior high—a departmentalized subject-matter curriculum, interscholastic activities, sophisticated early socialization activities, and college and vocational preparation. And now it appears that many middle schools have continued these same sins by simply moving the junior high’s structure, program, and schedule do