英语阅读中语言点评析性教学.docVIP

英语阅读中语言点评析性教学 　　语言点来自于语篇，没有连续的、完整的语篇的支撑，语言点不会构建出确定的意义，不会表现出独特的内涵。因此，文本中的语言点教学应该建立在语篇评析基础之上。 　　基于语篇评析的语言点教学，主要就是引导学生积极参与到语篇的理解之中，把对语言点的理解和文本分析、说明、评估、推理、判断、鉴赏等评析活动结合起来。语言点的理解或顿悟是这些评析活动的成果之一，反过来又助推评析活动的进行。笔者把这种基于评析活动的教学，称为“评析性教学”。文本阅读中语言点的评析性教学通常可以从以下五个方面来进行。 　　一、基于关联词语的语言点评析性教学 　　关联词语是指意义相近、相同、相反、相容甚至相斥的一组词语。在语篇中构建词语的关联，能够促进学生对某些语言点的理解。 　　1. 意义相反的关联词语 　　比如，NSEFC Book 8 Unit 2的“CLONING： WHERE IT IS LEADING US？”中有这样一段话： 　　On the one hand， the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone， Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years， half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species， such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were： “Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals？ ... ” 　　On the other hand， Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial ... 　　针对第一段，笔者先提问学生：What were scientists’ responses to the first clone？逐步引导学生根据sadly一词找出意义相关联的形容情感的词或短语：encouraging， disturbing， cast down， concerned等。在此基础上，请学生猜测首句主题词汇――follow the progress的意思（be interested in something and in the way it develops）。由此说明克隆科学家虽然有时会担忧和沮丧，但实际上他们都对克隆动物的研究乐见其成，持正面积极的态度。所以第一段的主题句即：（On the one hand，） the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone. 　　第二段列举了科学界之外的人士对克隆动物的态度。通过请学生画出句子中表达负面意义的关键形容词：evil， nervous， conservative， forbid， controversial，让学生更明确地理解首句中的关键词objection （being opposed to sth or disapproving）的意义。由此得出第二段的主题句是：（On the other hand）， Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections. 　　接着，把这两段的主题句合并起来，学生就不难看出这两段话描述的是两个阵营的人士对克隆动物截然相反的态度。这时，学生就可以发现，“on the one hand ... on the other hand ...”是用以引出两个不同的观点、尤其是