Chapter-8-对比分析与难度等级.pptx

Chapter 8Contrastive Analysis, Interlanguage, and Error AnalysisContrastive AnalysisThe Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)ierarchy of Difficulty Moderating the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis Markedness and Universal Grammer Definition of Contrastive AnalysisContrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of /wiki/Languagelanguages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Historically it has been used to establish /wiki/Language_familylanguage genealogies. ---From WikipediaDefinition of Contrastive AnalysisContrastive analysis was used extensively in the field of /wiki/Second_language_acquisitionsecond language acquisition in the 1960s and early 1970s, explaining why some features of a /wiki/Second_languagetarget language were more difficult to acquire than others. Therefore, the difficulty in mastering certain structures in a /wiki/Second_languagesecond language (L2) depended on the difference between the learners' mother language (L1) and the language they were trying to learn.The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)The CAH claimed that:the principal barrier to second language acquisition is the interference of the first language system with the second language system;a scientific, structural analysis of the two language in question would yield a taxonomy of linguistic contrasts between L1 and L2;the taxonomy of linguistic contrasts enable the linguist to predict the difficulties a learner would encounter.The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)Theoretical basis of CAH:Behavioristic ApproachStructuralist ApproachBAHuman behavior is the sum of its smallest parts and components.The CAH was considered feasible tools of structural linguistics.The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)Behaviorism contributed to CAH that human behavior is the sum of its smallest parts and components, and that language learning could be described as the acquisition of all of these discrete units.Such as Fries's slot-filler grammar (