书面表达四 过渡词在书面表达中运用.pptVIP

书面表达（四） 过渡词在书面表达中的运用 英语书面表达评分标准第五档（很好）中有这样的表述：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂结构或高级词汇所致。”这就是说，学生仅运用基础词汇和基本句型，并不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，这样即使表达中无语法错误，也不能得高分；相反，尽管有些许错误，但如果目的是在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇，也不会扣多少分，仍属最高档次。 过渡词在句中是一个独立部分，是句子不可缺少的成分，它在句与句中起一个逻辑意义一致，句子之间连接承上启下的作用。同时在文章中使用好过渡词还能提高文章的档次分，句子显得逻辑性强，结构紧凑，也是语言功底好的表现。如果去掉，句子的意思就不完整，甚至不知所云。 试比较下面例句： 例1. We must work. We must believe in ourselves. —We must work and above all we must believe in ourselves. 例2. I was anxious to leave. I felt that I wasn’t able to tell my grandparents that we were safe. — On one hand, I was anxious to leave, on the other hand ，I felt that I wasn’t able to tell my grandparents that we were safe. 例3. 1) To tell you the truth, life is beautiful. I have no reason to think otherwise. 2) Personally, I don’t like this painting. 一些学生在作文中过多使用简单句，一篇文章下来竟成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet 等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。 I. 顺序过渡词  1. First, next, then, finally 2. First, second, finally 3. to begin with, next, finally 4. in the beginning, at the beginning 5. in the first place, in the second place, in the third place 6. in the end, at last, finally 7. for one thing, for another 8．After that, II. 递进过渡词 1. besides ,indeed, moreover, furthermore, even , in addition, above all, 2. what’s more, worse still, to make things worse, what’s worse, even more important, most important 3. at the same time,  Practice 1. Never waste anything, but ________ never waste time. 任何东西都不可浪费，尤其不可浪费时间。 2. They were brave, and __________, they hated violence. 他们很勇敢，而且他们厌恶暴力。 3. It got dark, and __________, it began to rain. 天黑了，而更糟的是，开始下雨来。 4. I don’t want to go out now, _______, I’m feeling tired, 我现在不想出去了，而且我还有点疲乏。 5. ______, I want to see your pass, too. 除此以外，我还想看你的通行证。 6. _________, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words. 同时，英式英语和美式英语开始互相借鉴词汇，最终只有部分词汇不一样