初中语法总结及练习 介词.doc

初中语法总结及练习 〔五〕介词 介词不能独自作句子成分，必须与名词或代词等构成介词短语，才可以担任句子的成分。介词短语可以在句中作表语Who’s ___________(值日) today？/定语The man__________ (穿红色) is his uncle./状语Your grandma doesn’t look old_________ (对于她的年龄)./宾语补足语He left the key________ (在家里)和独立成分________________________ (顺便问一下)。 介词的分类 表示地点: at/in, in/to (the east of), on/under/over/above/below, in/into/out of, over, under, between/among/around, at/beside/near/next to, behind/in front of, about, across/along/through, down, before/after, to/for/from, towards, with, without※over还有其他含义：①遍及：all over the country(world) ②超过：相当于more than。He is over 40.③在那边；越过 over there※for还有其他的用法：①表原因，表示“为了……” for the motherland.②表示“拥护”，“支持” for or against③表示“以……价格”。How much do you want to buy it for?④表示“就……而说”。 for his age. 表示时间: at/in/on, within, of, about, past, to , before/after, during/for/through, from/since, by/till/until, (not…until)※until与瞬间动词(点动词)连用时，必须用否定句表示；而与延续动词连用，用肯定式。 表示手段和材料: by（通过方式或手段）, in（用某种墨水、语言、衣服或声调）, with（用某一工具）※with还有如下含义①“由于，因为……”。She jumped with joy when hearing the news. ②可与副词连用构成祈使句。Out with your hands on your head!※By的其他一些用法：①表示“经过……旁边”。go by②表示“由于”。 by mistake. ③表示“相差，差额”。 missed the train by only five minutes/increased by 30% ④表示“逐一地……”one by one. 表示除去: besides, except, except for 5) 表示比较: as, like, without 6) 表示原因: for(还可做连词), with, from 7) 表所属: of, with, from 8) 表对于: to, for, at, with 9) 表示赞成或反对: with/against 表示关于: about(关于；各处，四周 ；随身，身旁), concerning, as for(介词), as to“至于” 与其它词类的搭配1）动词+介词：look into/over, come across/by, care for, call on，carry on/away/out, come back/about/, go into/over 等2) be+形容词+介词：be afraid of，be pleased with，be embarrassed at3）介词+名词（作为副词使用）：after you, by mistake, for example, in time 4)其它结构：动词+oneself+介词 dress oneself in/help oneself to; 动词+sb.+介词 thank sb. For sth./ rob sob of sth. 介词兼做副词 behind【落后】 before【以前】 in在家】 over【完了】 介词省略 在this, last, next, every等词之前不可以再加任何介词。 专项练习 1. Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in