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材料化学全英文
材料科学基础 Fundamental of Materials Science;2.5 Indices of Crystal Planes and Directions;
1. Steps to determinate the plane indices:
? Establish a set of coordinate axes.
? Find the intercepts of the planes to be indexed on a, b and c axes (x, y, z).;? Take the reciprocals of the intercepts 1/x, 1/y, 1/z.
? Clear fractions but do not reduce to lowest integers.
? Enclose them in parentheses, (h k l)
Example: 1/2,1,2/3 2,1,3/2 (423)
Plane indices referred to three axes a, b and c are also called Miller Indices.; Several important aspects of the Miller indices for planes should be noted:
? Planes and their negatives are identical. Therefore, .
? In some situation, planes and their multiples are not identical.
? In cubic systems, a direction that has the same indices as a plane is perpendicular to that plane.;;;Total: 12;3.5.3 Direction indices;2. The important direction in cubic crystals:
100 : crystal axes
110 : face diagonal
111 : body diagonal
112 : apices to opposite face-centers
3. Family of directions consists of crystallographically equivalent directions, denoted u v w
;;2.6 Hexagonal Axes for Hexagonal Crystals
;a;
2.6.2 Plane indices (hkil)
It can be proved: i ≡－(h＋k);Important planes :;2.6.3 Direction indices [ u v t w ]
To make the indices unique, an additional condition is imposed. ---- Let t＝－(u＋v);Transformation of indices
Transformation of 3 to 4 indices, or vice versa. Suppose we have a vector, whose 3 indices [U V W], and 4 indices [u v t w].;or:;For example:;2.6.4 Discussion about Direction indices [ u v t w ];To make the direction indices be unique, we let:;1. Quick way for indexing the directions in cubic crystals:
The value of a direction depends on its feature while the sign on direction.;2. The coordinate origin can be set arbitrarily (for example on apices, body-center, face-centers etc.), but never on plane in questions, otherwise the intercepts wo
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