Unit3Computers现在完成时被动语态(学生版).docVIP

B2U3 Grammar现在完成时被动语态 一．语法热身练习 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。 1. The students ________ (clean) the windows of the classroom half an hour ago. 2. The students ________________ (clean) the windows of the classroom since half an hour ago. 3. So far, many countries ____________ (develop) their software programs. 4. Up till now, I _________(read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 5. She ________ (go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? —Yes, she has. —How ____ she ___ (go) there? —She _____ (go) there by air. 6. The boy has already ________(finish) his homework, so he went out for a walk. 思考：练习1和2时态的区别： 一般过去时表示动作发生在，其结果对现在没有影响；完成时动作或状态尽管发生在，但侧重说明该动作或状态对造成的影响和结果。 1. 结构：________________（根据语法热身练习2.3.4.5填写） 2. 概念与用法：①表示过去发生或已经完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果。(语法热身练习_____,______,_____,______)经常和already, yet, just 等连用。(语法热身练习______) ②表示过去已经开始、持续到现在(可能还会继续下去)的动作和状态。（语法热身练习____） 3.常与下列时间短语连用:1. for + 一段时间；since + 时间点/ 从句 2. so far, up till now, up to now,until now 迄今为止3. for/in /during the last/past …years/months/ weeks 在最近的……年/月/星期里 4.最近：recently, lately, in recent years 5. 从……以来: ever since 三．现在完成时被动语态构成 句式 例句 构成 肯定句 A plan has been made. 否定句 My computer has not been repaired. 一般疑问句 Have the problem been solved yet? 特殊疑问句 Where has your laptop been repaired? 小结：现在完成时的被动语态由________________构成，其结构有两个助动词，即 _______和_______，两者缺一不可。 四、现在完成时被动语态用法 [熟读深思] 仔细阅读下列句子, 归纳现在完成时被动语态的用法。 1. —Why not go into the classroom? — The door has been locked. 归纳: 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作, 它有两层含义（在括号中选其一回答）： (1)动作（未完成，已经完成）, 强调对 (过去，现在)造成的影响或结果。 (2)主语与谓语动词之间为（主动，被动）关系。 练习：Our classroom ________________ (clean);you needn’t clean it now.我们的教室已经被清扫了, 你不必清扫了。 2. The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 归纳: 现在完成时的被动语态表示一个动作或状态开始于(过去，现在), 持续到(过去，现在), 并有可能持续下去, 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用, 或用于How long ...？结构中。 练习：How long has the machine ________________ (use) in the factory? 在这家工厂里这台机器用了多久了？ 3.判断对错： How long has this dictionary been borrowed? ( ) How long has this dictionary been kep