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- 2018-08-07 发布于上海
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秋葵map贮藏保鲜技术分析-analysis of map storage and preservation technology of okra
摘要黄秋葵是一种营养丰富、经济价值较高的蔬菜。因其味道鲜美,营养保健功能丰富,深受消费者的喜爱。秋葵嫩果含水量多,对温度敏感,常温下采摘后数小时就会发生失水软化,质量降低,纤维增多,霉变、品质降低等现象,造成大量经济损失。本试验选用的黄秋葵品种为“五福”,对黄秋葵荚果进行MAP贮藏研究,研究内容包括理化指标变化,MAP保鲜袋优化及设计,黄秋葵荚果呼吸模型建立等,从而为黄秋葵荚果贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。主要研究内容和结果如下:1、在(7±0.5)℃贮藏温度下,设置了普通冷藏、挽口冷藏和MAP冷藏三种贮藏方式,测定三种贮藏方式下黄秋葵荚果在贮藏期间的理化指标变化,验证MAP贮藏的效果。实验表明,在(7±0.5)℃下,MAP保鲜能使黄秋葵荚果众多理化指标稳定在鲜果水平,防止水分散失,抑制叶绿素、还原糖等含量的降低,保持荚果正常外观,抑制一些生理活动相关酶的活性,减缓生理代谢速度,减少褐变度、使荚果保持原有的硬度,减弱纤维化,维持良好的口感。延缓了荚果的衰老变质,延长了黄秋葵果实的贮藏期。因此,MAP保鲜效果显著优于挽口贮藏和普冷贮藏。2、本文通过改变MAP袋的厚度、薄膜面积和贮藏量三个因素,用单因素试验方法,研究三个变量对MAP内气体浓度的影响。结果表明保鲜袋的薄膜厚度、面积、袋内贮藏量与MAP内O2、CO2浓度具有良好的线性关系。控制薄膜面积和贮藏量不变,当薄膜厚度逐渐增加时,CO2浓度逐渐上升,O2浓度逐渐下降;控制薄膜厚度和贮藏量不变,当薄膜面积增大时,O2浓度上升,CO2浓度下降;控制薄膜厚度和面积不变,MAP内O2浓度随着贮藏量的增加而下降,CO2浓度随着贮藏量的增加而上升。3、本文通过设计三元二次回归正交试验,以黄秋葵荚果的好果率、MAP内CO2、O2浓度为测定指标,得到薄膜厚度、薄膜面积和贮藏量与好果率、CO2浓度、O2浓度关系的三个拟合方程。验证了好果率与感官评价及气体浓度之间的相关性,并对好果率与质构之间的关系进行了探索。4、本试验在(25±0.5)℃和(7±0.5)℃贮藏温度下,对黄秋葵荚果在密闭系统中的呼吸速率进行测定及模型表达。结果表明:黄秋葵荚果在试验过程中呼吸速率无明显跃变高峰;低温可以有效抑制黄秋葵荚果的呼吸作用。使用米氏方程为模板,通过对实验数据的多重线性回归,得到(25±0.5)℃和(7±0.5)℃下黄秋葵荚果在密闭系统内的呼吸模型,并对模型的准确性进行了验证。以上研究对黄秋葵荚果的MAP贮藏保鲜具有指导意义。关键词:黄秋葵;MAP贮藏;三元二次回归正交试验;呼吸模型AbstractOkraisakindofrichnutrition,higheconomicvalueofthevegetables.Becauseofitstaste,richnutritionhealthcarefunction,wasdeeplylovedbyconsumers.Okrapodsmoisturecontent,moresensitivetotemperature,androomtemperatureforseveralhoursafterpickingwatersofteningoccurs,lowerquality,fiberincreased,thephenomenonofmildew,thequalitytoreduce,causelargeeconomicloss.OkravarietiesastheWuFu,inthispapertheexperimentofokrapodsMAPstorage,physicalandchemicalindicators,westudythemodeloptimizationandbreathing,providesthetheorybasisfortheokrapodsfresh-keeping.Theresearchcontentandresultsareasfollows:In(7±0.5)℃storagetemperature,setupacommoncold,unsealedandMAPrefrigeratingthreestoragemode,determinationofthreestoragemodeokrapodsduringthestorageofthephysicalandchemicalindicatorsofchange,toverifytheMAPstorageeffectofokra.Experimentsshowthatinthe(7±0.5)℃,theMAPpreservationcanmakeokrapodsofstablephysicalandchemicalindicatorsinfresh,preventmoistureloss,
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