现代性视野下的五四文学与新时期文学比较论-a comparative study of may 4th literature and new period literature from the perspective of modernity.docxVIP

现代性视野下的五四 现代性视野下的五四文学与新时期文学比较论 I I 中 文 摘 要 本论文以“人” 这一概念为出发点，使用“外在性原则”与“内在性原则”从逻辑的 角度对现代性进行梳理，认为人类文明是有方向、有目的且是必然的流向，表现出来为人 把自身存在的最终依据从古典时代的彼岸或他者手中交还给了人自身，即人有了绝对自由 但相信人自身有能力对自身的高贵负责，体现为以自由、平等、博爱为主要构成的现代道 德伦理与个体原则。这即是现代性的内涵。现代结构可以从主观和客观两个层面来界定， 客观层面包括国家形态、经济体制、法律制度等社会制度的形态的转变，主观上主要指精 神气质（体验结构）的结构转变。现代性过程是立人或者说启蒙的过程，“立”的方向和 “人”的内容是关键，而精神气质从外在性原则向内在性原则的转变其实就是“立” 的 方向和“人”的内容。 第一章与第二章以五四文学与新时期文学作为文本来具体分析中华民族精神气质在这 两个时期从外在性原则向内在性原则的转变。具体说来，五四文学从逆向、正向、立人来 建立现代概念上的“人”，这是“人”的初生；新时期文学中人道主义不完整的回归与对 人存在的探索是“人”的再生。第三章从原因与性质上对两个时期“人”之生与“人”之 死进行分析并做出比较，得出中国现代性的发生缺乏稳固的根基，在引导一个新型的民族 国家气质的时候采取的是说教、规范的方式，现代精神并没有深入人心而是停留在表面， 导致不论是五四时期还是新时期都未能将内在性原则贯彻到底，得出现代性在中国是一项 未竟的事业这一结论。 关键词：现代性；五四文学；新时期文学；比较 II II Abstract This thesis employs the concept of Individual as the starting point and applies both the “external principle” and “internal principle” to examine the modernity from the viewpoint of logic. This thesis assumes that the advancement of human civilization is directional, purposeful and inevitable which is presented by the fact that individual has redefined their existences which diverted from believing in the theories proposed by ancient intellectual to believing in human itself. Therefore, Individual possess the absolute right but still have the ability to be responsible for oneself that is shown by the individual principle and modern ethic which is compose of freedom, equality and fraternity. It stands for the connotation of modernity. The modern structure can be defined in two levels which contain the subjective and objective level. The objective level includes pattern transformation of state pattern, economic system, legal system and state pattern. The objective mainly refers to the structural variation of spiritual disposition. The process of modernity reflects the progress of constructing the individual or individual enlightmnet which lay more emphasis on the direction of constructing and the content of individuality. However, the transformation of spiritual disposition from the