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消费税“绿化”对环境的影响研究-study on the influence of consumption tax
摘要
摘要
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I
摘 要
伴随着经济的快速发展,环境问题也日益突出。柴静有关雾霾的研究——“穹 顶之下”的调查结果更是引起了人们对环境的高度重视。作为政府当局用于调节社 会经济生活的一种重要工具以及手段,税收在环保方面的作用越来越重要。而在众 多税种之中,消费税在环境保护方面的作用尤为突出。消费税“绿化”是以庇古理 论、“双重红利”理论和可持续发展理论为基础的,是实现人与自然和谐发展的必 然要求。
按照党的十八大“调整消费税征收范围、环节、税率,把高耗能、高污染产品 及部分高档消费品纳入征收范围”的要求,政府应该通过实施“有增有减”的消费 税政策调整措施,进一步增强消费税引导生产和消费、促进节能减排、调节收入分 配的作用。“绿色”消费税中就包括了高能耗、高污染产品,对节能减排、新能源 开发等具有极大的推动作用。
中国目前尚未开征单独的环境税,而绿色消费税在一定程度上可以代替环境税。 为了研究消费税“绿化”对环境的影响作用,首先,本文对前人的研究成果进行了 叙述并做了简单的评价,并就消费税“绿化”对环境影响的理论基础做了简要的介 绍;其次,分析了我国消费税“绿化”的背景、现状及面临的主要问题,并就消费 税“绿化”对环境保护的作用机理做了说明;再次,本文选取了环境污染强度(包 括碳强度、硫强度等在内的综合指标)、消费税“绿化”程度(绿色消费税收入/消 费税总收入)、能源结构(煤炭消耗占比)、经济发展水平(人均 GDP)、环境污染治 理投资等指标,就消费税“绿化”对环境的影响做了实证分析,并得出“消费税‘绿 化’程度与环境保护正相关”的结论;最后,根据实证分析的结论并结合中国的国 情,就消费税“绿化”对环境的影响方面提出了几点可行性建议,主要包括以下几 条:适度扩大消费税的征税范围,特别是扩大“绿色”税目的覆盖范围;进一步优 化消费税税率;调整消费税征收方式等。
关键词:消费税“绿化”;绿色税收;污染强度;环境规制
消费税“绿化”对环境的影响分析
消费税“绿化”对环境的影响分析
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II
Abstract
With the rapid economic development, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. Research about the haze of Chaijing - under the dome which sparked even more emphasis on the environment. Taxation, as an important tool for the government to regulate economic life, is playing an more and more important role on protecting the environment. And the role of consumption taxes on environmental protection is particularly prominent among all the kinds of tax items. The theoretical foundation of green consumption tax is double dividend theory, Pigou theory and sustainable development theory. And the green consumption tax is a necessary requirement to achieve the harmonious development between man and nature.
According to the requirement: adjust consumption tax levy, tax aspects, tax rate, consumption tax will include the high energy consumption, high pollution products and some luxury goods. And the requirement is requested by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Through the implementation of increases and decreases consumption tax’s adjustment measures to furthe
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