不同行株距配置对大蒜产量和主要农艺性状影响.docVIP

不同行株距配置对大蒜产量和主要农艺性状的影响 　　摘要：以大蒜品种‘金乡紫皮’为材料，采用裂区试验设计，研究不同行株距种植对大蒜产量及农艺学性状的影响。结果表明：与等行距（20 cm+20 cm）种植相比，宽窄行（10 cm+30 cm，两小行内错位种植）栽培增加了小区内大蒜植株的叶宽和假茎粗，蒜薹和鳞茎产量也显著提高；3种株距下，随着株距的加大，叶宽、假茎粗、蒜薹性状（薹长、薹粗、单薹重）和鳞茎性状（鳞茎横径、单头重）均增加，而蒜薹和鳞茎小区产量下降，虽然在9 cm株距时蒜薹和鳞茎小区产量较高，但蒜薹较细、较短，鳞茎较小，商品性差；在同样行距种植条件下，株距越小，蒜薹和鳞茎的产量越高，但单株蒜薹和鳞茎质量也越差。本试验条件下，宽窄行（10 cm+30 cm，两小行内错位种植）种植、11 cm株距为大蒜最优种植模式。 　　关键词：大蒜；宽窄行；等行距；株距；农艺性状；产量 　　中图分类号：S633.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）01-0063-04 　　Abstract Different row and plant spacing patterns were used to study their influences on the agronomic traits and yield of garlic variety Jinxiang Zipi by split-plot design. The results showed that， compared with the equidistant row spacing （20 cm+20 cm）， the leaf width and pseudostem diameter increased under the wide-narrow row spacing （10 cm+30 cm， stagger planted in the two narrow rows）， and the yield of garlic bolts and bulbs also improved significantly. With the increase of plant spacing， the leaf width， pseudostem diameter， garlic bolt traits （length， diameter， single weight） and bulb traits （transverse diameter， single bulb weight） were all increased， but the plot yields of garlic bolts and bulb reduced. Although the plot yield was higher at 9 cm plant spacing， the commercial quality was lower with thinner and shorter garlic bolts and smaller bulbs. Under the condition of equidistant row spacing pattern， the smaller the plant spacing was，the higher the yield of garlic bolts and bulbs were， but the lower their quality were. In the conditions of this study， the optimal cultivation mode of garlic was wide-narrow row spacing pattern with the plant spacing of 11 cm. 　　Keywords Garlic； Wide-narrow row； Equidistant row spacing； Plant spacing； Agronomic traits； Yield 　　大蒜（Allium sativum L.）为百合科（Liliacaea）葱属（Allium）植物，常年用鳞茎进行无性繁殖。我国大蒜栽培历史悠久，栽培面积占世界第一[1]。大蒜是劳动密集型栽培作物，从种植到收获需要大量劳动力，尤其在播种和收获时期。目前，大蒜生产机械未能应用于生产，而玉米、水稻、花生等大田作物的机械化生产已广泛应用[2-5]，油菜等也采用了机械种植和收获[6]。虽然也有关于大蒜播种和机械收获的报道[7-10]，但尚未见实际应用效果。农业机械化生产需要农机与农艺相结合[11，12]，但大蒜播种机械尚