第31章肠道感染病毒.ppt

经消化道传播与感染的病毒，主要包括小RNA病毒科中的肠道病毒属；和引起急性胃肠炎的相关病毒。  分 类  病毒 血清型 脊髓灰质炎病毒（poliovirus） 1, 2, 3 柯萨奇病毒（Coxsackievirus） A组（1-22, 24） B组（1-6） 埃可病毒（Echovirus） 1-7, 11,12,24,27, 29-33 新肠道病毒（new enterovorus） 68, 69, 70, 71 肠道病毒的形态与结构： *球形病毒, 20-30nm *无包膜、衣壳二十面体对称、 *+ssRNA（感染性核酸） 肠道病毒的增殖 肠道病毒的培养 *多能在易感细胞中增殖，迅速产生CPE。 肠道病毒的抵抗力 *对理化因素的抵抗力较强。 耐受：乙醚和去垢剂等 胃酸、胃蛋白酶、胆汁等 室温条件下能存活数周；4℃时存活 数月； -20 ℃/-70 ℃时存活数年 敏感：热、紫外线、干燥、甲醛、盐酸、氯等 肠道病毒的感染 *主要经粪—口途径传播。 *病毒在肠道中增殖，却引起多种肠道外感染性疾病 如脊髓灰质炎病毒---脊髓灰质炎 柯萨奇病毒---无菌性脑膜炎、心肌炎等 EV71---手足口病 一、脊髓灰质炎病毒(poliovirus) *脊髓灰质炎（poliomyelitis）的病原体。侵犯脊髓前角运动神经细胞，导致弛缓性肢体麻痹（小儿麻痹症）。 *分三个血清型，型间很少有交叉免疫。 Franklin D. Roosevelt Born in 1882 at Hyde Park, New York--now a national historic site--he attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patricks Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt. Following the example of his fifth cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt, whom he greatly admired, Franklin D. Roosevelt entered public service through politics, but as a Democrat. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920. In the summer of 1921, when he was 39, disaster hit-he was stricken with poliomyelitis. Demonstrating indomitable courage, he fought to regain the use of his legs, particularly through swimming. At the 1924 Democratic Convention he dramatically appeared on crutches to nominate Alfred E. Smith as the Happy Warrior. In 1928 Roosevelt became Governor of New York. He was elected President in November 1932, to the first of four terms. 免疫性 * VP1是主要中和抗原，诱导机体产生中和抗体，主要为SIgA、IgG、IgM。 * 病后获得长期而牢固的型特异性免疫，三型之间没有交叉免疫保护作用。 微生物学检查法 * 病毒分离与鉴定：细胞培养，典型CPE * 血清学试验：中和试验 * 快速诊断：核酸杂交、RT-PCR等 疫 苗 *灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（inactivated polio vaccine, IPV, Salk苗）； *口服脊髓灰质炎减