基于二维X线片三维颅面结构模型建立研究.docVIP

基于二维X线片三维颅面结构模型建立研究 　　[摘要]目的：以头颅X线正侧定位片和激光扫描获取的软组织图象为数据源，研发归一化的颅颌硬软组织三维模型。方法：①人脸贴定铅点：铅点共5个，分布在呈“十”字交叉状的两个方向上，即面中线方向和眶耳平面方向。②拍摄头颅X线正侧位片须保证头颅在水平姿势位下拍摄，嘱患者牙齿咬合接触。③三维硬组织结构模型的建立：以结构完整，表面清晰且符合亚洲人特点的头颅作为标准模型并确立三维坐标系，调整X线片使其与模版的坐标系相一致，在标准头颅模型上标定特征点54个，作为初始特征点，再在X线正侧位片上调整这些点的位置，作为目标特征点，要求二者所定义的位置相一致。依据一定形变算法，以X线片所确立的特征点对缩放后的标准头颅模型进行变形，得到患者颅颌硬组织模型。④激光扫描面部软组织：拍摄面部正中，左右45°，共3幅图象。⑤面部软组织重建：将扫描获得的三幅图象进行前期处理，合成患者完整的软组织三维模型。⑥软硬组织拟合：通过铅点坐标的配准，将面部软组织与骨组织拟合起来。结果：①构建了能够反映颅颌硬组织表面结构的三维模型；②实现了硬软组织的拟合。构建的三维图象生动、直观的显示了颅面部的结构，并且可以从任意角度观察其三维形态，为进一步进行正颌手术的模拟和形貌预测奠定了基础。结论：①与CT重建相比，该系统信息源获取简易，放射危害小，虽不及CT精确，但手术关键区域与患者较为吻合，具有一定的应用前景；②激光三维扫描是目前最先进的软组织获取方法，本研究实现了软硬组织的拟合，真实可靠。 　　[关键词]二维X线；三维重建；形变 　　[中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455（2015）20-0048-06 　　Abstract： Objective In this study， we used frontal and lateral cephalograms combining laser scanning of the the facial soft tissue as the sources of the information to develope the integrated 3D model of the craniofacial hard and soft tissues. Methods ①Setting lead points on the face.Lead a total of five points， distributed in a+-like character in both directions，that is，the direction of the center line and Frankfort plane direction.②Shooting frontal and lateral cephalograms.It is necessary to ensure that the posture of the head is level and the teeth are in contact.③To establish the 3D model of the Cranialfacial hard tissue.Take the skull from Asians with integrity structures and clear surface as a standard model，then establish the 3D coordinate system.Adjust to the X-ray films and the coordinates of the line. In the standard model of the skull，set 54 feature points as the initial feature points.Then take a adjustment of the location of these points in the frontal and lateral cephalograms，as the target feature points，ensuring that both the positions defined are in correspondence.Based on a certain deformation algorithm，deform the standard skull model according to the feature points established in the X-ray films，then the model of craniofacial ha