第三节 mRNA Processing, hnRNPs and snRNPs.pptVIP

coxII gene editing in T.brucei (3) The biological significance of editing: proofreading ； translation regulation； expanded genetic information. (4)．Mechanics of editing In1990, the guide RNA was found by L. Simpsom et al., * * fttp://moleco.sjtu.edu.cn/uploads/course/分子生物学（许老师） 第三节 mRNA Processing, hnRNPs and snRNPs 一、 hnRNA 二、 pre-mRNAs 三、 hnRNP 四、 snRNPs 五、pre-mRNA processing 一、hnRNA Eucaryotic RNA Pol II transcribes a variety of different genes, from snRNA genes of 60-300nt to the large Antennapedia genes, whose genes can be over 100kb in length. The collection of these products is referred to as heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) . 二、pre-mRNAs These hnRNA are processed to give mRNAs called pre-mRNAs. 三、hnRNP : hetrogenenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein The hnRNA is rapidly covered in proteins to form hnRNP. The proteins involved have been classified as hnRNA proteins A-U. These proteins are organized as a tetramer. Three copies of tetramer are combined with a RNA molecule of 600-700nt , called hnRNP particles, each particle has a size of 30-40S. The hnRNP protein are thought to help keep the hnRNA in a single-stranded form and assist in the various RNA processing reactions. 四、snRNP Particles snRNAs transcribed by RNA Pol II complex with specific protein to form snRNP. These RNA are rich in uracil and are denoted as U1、U2 etc. U1、U2、U4、U5 and U6 are those involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Many others seem to be involved in determining the sites of methylation of pre-rRNA and are located in the nulcleolus. The formation of snRNP : The snRNA are synthesized in nucleus by RNA Pol II and have a normal 5’-cap. They are exported to the cytoplasm where they associate with the common core protein and other specific protein. Their 5’-cap gains two methyl groups and they are then imported back into nucleus where they function in splicing. 五、The procession of pre-mRNA 真核mRNA的加工一般要经过四步： (1) 5′加帽(capping)； (2) 3′加尾(tailing)； (3) 切除内含