《管子》四篇研究-中国哲学专业论文.docxVIP

内 内容提要 《 《管子》四篇研究 PAGE PAGE III PAGE PAGE VI 内容提要 《管子》是中国古典文化的重要典籍，在思想史上占有重要地位。从学派划 分的角度来看，《管子》一书关于道家思想的文章约十余篇，其中最有影响力的 是《管子·内业》、《管子·心术上》、《管子·心术下》、《管子·白心》等四篇， 郭沫若、刘节二先生率先提出了《管子四篇》的概念。《管子》四篇乃稷下道 家的代表作，在老学基础上有所创新发展。本文主要研究这四篇的道论、气论、 心论、及其治国思想。 《管子》四篇中重点论述道论，认为“道”承袭老学成分，认为道是万物产 生的根源并具有至高无上性、道具有虚静无为之特性、道之“反”的特性；同时 《管子》四篇发展了老子道论，认为道是“圣人之道”、“虚无之道”、“静因之道”。 《管子》四篇气论中重点论述了精气说，提出“精气”为万物本根的学说， 认为宇宙的本源即“精气”，宇宙万物都是由精气产生的，又论述了精气与养生 的关系，提出：精气是生命之源，养生是为保住精气，使其扩充，积累精气使之 成为“圣人”。 《管子》四篇心论较为全面论述了心的主导性作用，认为感官为从，两者相 互影响；在心和气之间关系上，心起到主导性作用。心对气具有控制作用，气则 服从于心。 《管子》四篇中关于治国思想，提出无为而治思想，君主无为而治，臣子有 为而治；同时提出君主在治理国家时要“以法治国”和“以德治国”思想，做到 德法并用，法是治国之根本，采用以道论法，法礼结合，德法并重的治国策略。 还简单阐述《管子》四篇和儒家、法家、墨家思想之比较。 关键词：《管子》四篇；道；精气；心；无为 Abstract Guanzi is one of the important classics of China, which holds an important position in Chinese ideological history. From the perspective of the classification of the studies, there are approximately ten articles about the Taoism, among which four chapters are the most influential—Xin Shu the first; Xin Shu the second; Bai Xin and Nei Ye. Scholars have reorganized and illustrated these philosophy historical materials. After that, the concept of The Four Chapters is proposed by Guo Morou and Liu Jie and the thoughts of The Four Chapters represent an important link in Chinese philosophy history. The Four Chapters are very unique and are connected closely with each other. TheJi Xia Taoism displayed in The Four Chapters has a significant position in pre-Qin times. It inherits the Laotze Taoism and is approaching the Taoism. It is developed and created based on the thoughts of Laotze. The thesis mainly studies the theory of Tao, the theory of Qi, the theory of Xin and the theory of how to govern the country. Tao is the core of the philosophical thoughts of Guanzi. It is proposed that Tao carries on the ingredients of the Laotze and Tao is the root of everything and is characteristics of being above everything and governing by doing nothing that is against nature. Guanzi is al