工厂化栽培草菇适宜优质高产菌株筛选与分析.docVIP

工厂化栽培草菇适宜优质高产菌株筛选与分析 　　摘要：山东省草菇栽培面积大，工厂化生产发展较快，但是适宜的优质高产菌株相对缺乏，常规菌株种性退化严重。本试验对初筛的6个草菇菌株以玉米芯为主要栽培基质进行品比优选试验。结果表明：V1172、VSD-1?绻浇显纾?产量高，但子实体菌苞较薄，易开伞；V1296、V1295产量较高，长势好，出菇期集中，子实体菌苞较厚，商品性好；V9715、V选育10产量明显低于其它菌株，但V选育10子实体菌苞厚，耐储存。综合分析比较认为：V1296、V1295表现最佳，适宜山东工厂化栽培推广。 　　关键词：草菇；菌株；筛选；高产；商品性 　　中图分类号：S646.1+3文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）12-0029-04 　　Abstract The cultivated area of Volvaria volvacea in Shandong Province is very large， and its industrialized production is developing fast. However， the good-quality and high-yield strains suitable for industrialized production are relatively lacking， and the characteristics of conventional strains degrade seriously. Six Volvaria volvacea strains selected through preliminary test were further compared with corncob as main cultivation substrate. The results showed that strains V1172 and VSD-1 had the characteristics of earlier sporophore forming and high yield， but thinner biofilm and easily opened pileus. The strains V1296 and V1295 had higher yield， good growth vigor， concentrated fruiting period， thick biofilm and good commercial characteristics. The yield of V9715 and V Xuanyu10 were significantly lower than that of the other strains， and V Xuanyu10 had thicker biofilm， which indicated storage stability. By comprehensive analysis， the strains V1296 and V1295 performed optimal， so they were suitable for industrial cultivation and popularization. 　　Keywords Volvaria volvacea； Strain； Screening； High yield； Commercial characteristics 　　草菇（Volvariella volvacea）?`属真菌门担子菌纲伞菌目光柄菇科小包脚菇属，又称兰花菇、美味草菇、中国蘑菇。据考证，草菇最早栽培于我国，距今已有200多年历史。近年来，一些欧美国家也开始栽培，我国草菇生产量居世界首位。草菇不仅味道鲜美，而且营养价值很高，含人体必需的8种氨基酸，以及9.81%～18.4%的纤维素；草菇中核酸含量较高，还含有还原糖和转化糖，都是人体的必需营养成分。此外，草菇中还含有一种叫做异种蛋白的物质，可以增强机体的抗癌能力，其含氮浸出物嘌呤碱又能抑制癌细胞的生长。因此，草菇是一种营养丰富的“保健食品”。近几年，国内多家草菇工厂化企业已建成并投入生产，但工厂化配套栽培技术不完善，缺乏工厂化专用菌株。本研究对6个草菇菌株进行栽培，通过对其菌丝体生长阶段和子实体生长阶段进行比较，筛选适宜工厂化栽培的菌株，以期为工厂化草菇栽培提供菌种选择依据。 　　1 材料与方法 　　1.1 试验材料 　　供试菌种为VSD-1、V选育10、V1172、V9715、V1295、V1296共6个草菇菌株，母种分别由福建农林大学菌物研究中心和山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境