农业水资源.pptVIP

Science news,2010 . Worldwide Groundwater report of the NCP Nature news, 2010 Science news,2010 Unsustainable 168km3 13.8 km3 23.8 km3 138.1 km3 7.7 km3 Water Cycle in NCP Hydrologic Detention Major features of NCP’s water resources 16.1 km3 The data come from Bulletin of Water Resources in China from 1997 to 2008 Water-saving—”Killing Many Birds With One Stone”！ Water saving is the best for adaptation to climate change impact on water resources * * * * * n =3，combination = 10： (1)P-R-S(考虑前期土壤水的降水径流关系，API模型)； (2)P-R-G(三水转化)； (3)P-R-V(降水径流的初损)； (4)P-S-G(降水入渗补给地下水)； (5)S-V-P(水在土壤-植物-大气系统中的传输或SAPC系统)； (6)G-V-P(地下水-植物-大气系统，地下水垂直排泄)； (7)G-S-P(三水转化)； (8)G-V-R(地下水与地表水关系的植物影响)； (9)V-S-G(植物对土壤水与地下水的影响)； (10)V-S-R(植物对土壤入渗与径流的影响)。 n = 4，combination = 5： (1)P-R-S-G (四水转化)； (2)P-R-S-V (植物与土壤对降水径流影响)； (3)V-R-S-G (植物对三水转化的影响)； (4)V-P-R-G (植物对降水径流与地下水的影响)； (5)G-S-V-P (考虑地下水影响的SAPC系统)。 n = 5，combination = 1： P-V-R-S-G (五水转化), water interaction of five sub-systems (five hydro-states)。 2. interface control of water fluxes IGBP- BAHC, 1997 Expanded “SPAC” Basic equation: Boundaries: Air and aquifer To couple air water and groundwater IA=0.4Ym+0.4WUE+0.1(Rs+Tr)+0.1DI Detecting physiological and ecological index synthesis Ym: grain yield WUE: water use efficiency Rs: stoma resistance Tr: transpiration rate DI: drought index Soil Water Atmos. Water Energy Transfer Atmosphere Radiation PAR Reflective radiation Direct radiation Wind speed Temperature, humidity Difference of Ta and RH Precipitation Vegetation Interception Albedo Biomass LAI Spatial distr. of leaves Vegetation height Leaf water potential Stomatal conductance Root Root water potential Root semi-diameter Root length and weight Distribution of roots Root depth Soil Root water potential Soil heat flux Water infiltration Soil evaporation Physical characte