浅议上下文逻辑关系在解完形填空题中作用.docVIP

浅议上下文逻辑关系在解完形填空题中作用 　　完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出的某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这种线索大致分为两类：一、文章上下句间乃至全文的逻辑关系；二、空格所在句对正确答案词义和用法搭配的要求。如果在解题时只利用后一类线索，无异只见树木，不见森林。事实上前一类线索就可以帮助我们解出为数不少的题目，若对此视而不见，则无异于坐井观天。那么，如何分析完形填空中的上下文逻辑关系呢？ 　　首先，认真分析文章的结构，领会文章各部分、各层次之间的关系。应特别注意带空的句子所填的词是如何为表现该部分的主题思想服务的。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系，它们往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及词组所表示的逻辑关系。 　　其次，利用上下文寻找解题信息。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉、记忆并推理相关信息的能力。 　　本文开头提出的两类线索有时彼此重叠，并非泾渭分明，这就愈发凸现出上下文逻辑关系分析法的作用。这种解题思路绝不仅限于考查句间连接词的题目，而是渗透在完形填空的各类考题当中。所以解题时一定要“瞻前顾后，顾全大局”。下面以2007年上海市完形填空B篇为例，具体分析上下文逻辑关系在解完形填空题中的作用。 　　One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total.__55__the faults already found out in the education system as a whole―such as child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils―there have been several serious__56__which have a direct effect on language teaching. 　　The first is the removal from the curriculum(课程) of the thorough teaching of English__57__. Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future. 　　Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so__58__that the most able groups are__59__and are bored while the least able are lost and__60__bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams. 　　Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having__61__lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those w