配方施肥对澳洲茶树枝叶产量和产油量影响.docVIP

配方施肥对澳洲茶树枝叶产量和产油量影响 　　摘 要 采用“311-A”最优混合设计，研究氮、磷、钾肥对澳洲茶树枝叶总重、侧枝重、含油率和产油量的影响。结果表明：氮有利于提高澳洲茶树枝叶总重、侧枝重和产油量；氮、磷、钾的用量分别为74.3、18.1和23.1g/株，相应的枝叶总重为2.12 kg/株、侧枝重1.36 kg/株、含油率1.71%、产油量0.023 3 kg/株；氮、磷、钾最佳的施肥配方质量比为1∶0. 24∶0.31。 　　关键词 澳洲茶树 ；混合设计 ；配方施肥 ；含油率 ；产油量 　　中图分类号 S571.1 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.09.005 　　Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Stand Growth 　　and Oil Production of Melaleuca Alternifolia 　　LIU Hailong QIN Zihai ZHANG Ye XIAO Yufei 　　CHEN Xiaoming LIANG Zhongyun CHEN Bowen 　　（Guangxi Forestry Research Institute； Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-growing Timber 　　Cultivation， Forestry Ministry of China； Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees 　　Resource Cultivation， Nanning 530002） 　　Abstract Melaleuca alternifolia was treated with fertilizers by using the 311-A optimum mixed design to analyze the effects of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium on the total weight of branches and leaves， weight of lateral branch and leaves， oil content ratio and oil production of M. alternifolia. The results indicated that nitrogen was conducive to an increase in total weight of branches and leaves， weight of lateral branch and leaves and oil production. Treated with pure nitrogen， pure phosphorus and pure potassium at a rate of 74.3， 18.1 and 23.1g per plant， respectively， M. alternifolia produced 2.12 kg/plant of a total weight of branches and leaves， 1.36 kg/plant of weight of lateral branch and leaves， 1.71% of oil content and 0.0233 kg/plant of oil yield. The optimal fertilizer formula was 1.0∶0.24∶0.31 for NPK. 　　Keywords Melaleuca alternifolia ； compound design； formulated fertilizer dressing ； oil content ； oil production 　　澳洲茶??[Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden Betche） Cheel]系桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）白千层属（Melateuca）植物，俗称茶树，常绿灌木至小乔木，原产于澳大利亚东部的昆士兰州和新南威尔士北部。由于澳洲茶树枝叶中含有α-松油烯、桉叶素、γ-松油烯、4-松油醇等挥发性成分，长期以来作为香料植物在澳洲广为种植[1]。不同生化类型的澳洲茶树油价格差异大，用途也不同；4-松油醇型澳洲茶树油，就是常说的茶树油，价值最高；桉叶素型澳洲茶树油次之；其他2种类型利用价值不高，属淘汰产品[2]。20 世纪 90 年代初，由于认识到茶树油的重要商业价值，中国开始