钾肥对保护地番茄产量品质和钾素循环规律影响.docVIP

钾肥对保护地番茄产量品质和钾素循环规律影响 　　摘 要：2007—2009年进行了番茄施钾肥效果田间试验。结果表明，施钾肥后产量提高3.5%～38.9%；增收3 407.3～51 415.0元·hm-2。番茄施钾肥可以提高VC含量和甜度，NPK4处理VC达190.4 mg·kg-1，全糖3.65%，为最高；而CK处理VC含量仅138.5 mg·kg-1，全糖2.97%，为最低。番茄果实中K含量和植株中K吸收量随着施钾量的增加而增高。果实中钾吸收量与产量有关。番茄当季钾肥利用率43.4%～49.9%。土壤残留钾含量CK处理比种植前降低25 mg·L-1，NPK3处理降低2 mg·L-1，其他处理土壤残留钾含量比种植前高。 　　关键词：钾肥；番茄；产量；品质；钾肥利用率；土壤残留 　　中图分类号：S143.3 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2013.07.005 　　Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Tomato Yield，Quality and Potassium Cycling in Greenhouse 　　ZHU Jing-hua， LI Yu-hua， GAO Wei， LI Ming-yue 　　（Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment，Tianjin 300192，China） 　　Abstract： Potassium application effects on tomato were studied in 2007—2009.The results showed that after the potassium application，tomato yield improved 3.5%～38.9% and net income increased 3 407.3～51 415.0 Yuan·hm-2. Potassium fertilizer played a key role on improving VC and total sugar content.VC and total sugar content of NPK4 treatment were 190.4 mg·kg-1 and 3.65%，which were the highest content than the other treatments.VC and total sugar content of CK treatment in tomato were 138.5 mg·kg-1 and 2.97%，separately，which were the lowest content than the other treatments.The potassium content in fruit and plant uptake of potassium， increased with the increment of potassium.Potassium accumulation in tomato fruit was relation with yield. Potassium fertilizer use efficiency was 43.4%～49.9%.Potassium content of CK and NPK3 treatment in soil decreased to 25 mg·L-1 and 2 mg·L-1 compared with before planting. Potassium content of the other treatments were higher than that of before planting，separately. 　　Key words： potassium；tomato；fortilizer yield；quality；potassium use efficiency；soil residue 　　我国蔬菜作物栽培的集约化程度较高，其中番茄营养丰富，食用方便，深受群众欢迎，已成为保护地栽培的主要菜类[1]。随着单产和复种指数的提高以及氮、磷肥用量的增加[2]，土壤养分之间比例严重失调，肥料利用率降低[3-4]。钾元素是作物生长发育和产量形成必需的大量营养元素之一，在现代高产农业中起着不可替代的作用，钾不仅能提高番茄产量，而且可以大大提高它的品质[5-7]，同时还能提高番茄抗病性[8]。番茄是喜钾作物，由于大量钾素随番茄采收而损失，土壤中的钾素日益耗竭，钾成为番茄高产优质的限制因子[9