铜仁地区烤烟―玉米轮作不同施肥量对烤烟生长发育影响.docVIP

铜仁地区烤烟―玉米轮作不同施肥量对烤烟生长发育影响 　　摘要 为研究铜仁地区烤烟―玉米轮作体系养分利用情况，本文在不同施肥下对烤烟农艺性状、抗病性和经济性状进行了分析。结果表明，节肥20%处理与当地常规施肥无显著差异，不施肥对照与当地常规施肥有一定差异。过量50%施肥处理烟赤星病和气候斑点病最严重；不施肥对照花叶病最严重；节肥20%处理在赤星病、花叶病和根茎性病害上优于其他处理。从经济性状来看，不同处理间产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价都存在差异，节肥20%处理产量、产值、均价和上等烟比例较高。综合分析认为，在烤烟―玉米轮作下适合在铜仁地区推广的施肥模式为节肥20%。 　　关键词 烤烟；玉米；轮作；生长发育；影响；贵州铜仁 　　中图分类号 S572；S147.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）23-0005-02 　　Abstract In order to study nutrient utilization in rotational cropping system（tobacco- maize）in Tongren Area，agronomic characters，disease resistance and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco under different fertilizer amount were studied.The results were as follows：There was no significant difference between the treatment of saving fertilizer 20% treatment and the conventional fertilization；There was some difference between the non fertilization control and the conventional fertilization；The incidence of red spot disease and climate spot of more than 50% of the conventional fertilizer treatment was higher；The mosaic disease of non fertilization control was higher；Incidence degree of saving fertilizer 20% treatment was mild；The different treatments has vary in the yield，output value，high-quality ratio and average price.The yield，output value，high-quality ratio and average price were the highest of saving fertilizer 20% treatment.In summary，saving fertilizer 20% treatment is favorable for introduction in a rotational cropping system in Tongren tobacco zone. 　　Key words tobacco；maize；rotation；growth and development；effect；Tongren Guizhou 　　烤烟为忌连作作物，连作会造成土壤板结，养分平衡失调，导致烟叶产量与质量降低[1-3]。李天福等[4]研究表明，当烤烟与其他作物轮作时，可以提高土壤肥力，改善土壤环境，减轻烟地病虫害，提高烟叶产量与质量。玉米是贵州省主要的旱粮作物，实行玉米―烤烟轮作是避免烤烟连作障碍、提高农民受益的重要农作体系。玉米属C4型作物，养分需求较多，特别是氮素和钾肥。烤??属C3作物，对养分的需求较玉米少。轮作体系中烤烟生产季过量施肥的现象普遍，常常导致烟叶产质量不佳、肥料利用率低下等问题。铜仁地区由于是老烟区，目前在烤烟生产过程中，主要面临烤烟连作严重、土壤肥力下降、病虫害严重等问题。本文通过对玉米―烤烟轮作体系养分统筹管理，提高养分利用效率，改善烟叶质量，来保障该区域烟叶可持续发展。 　　1 材料与方法 　　1.1 试验地概况 　　试验在铜仁市德江县煎茶镇川岩村（北纬28°07.2604″，北纬107°55.0618″）进行，海拔720 m，试验地地形为山地，土壤类型为黏土黄壤，肥力中等，前茬作物为玉米。 　　1.2