短文改错出题方式与解题技巧.doc

PAGE PAGE 5 短文改错出题方式与解题技巧 谓语动词及非谓语动词错误 改错类型：动词时态、语态、语气，非谓语动词，主谓一致。 1 时态 根据上下文，特别是看本句中与动词联系的时间状语。 Eg. just, last time, several days later常用过去式，already, not…yet, long before常用完成式． 根据特殊句型结构 eg. since, It is the first time that +现在完成时 by the time 引导过去时从句，主句常用过去完成时 2 语态 某些动词，如read, write, sell, cook, taste，cut等是用主动形式表被动意义。Eg. : The window doesn’t open. 某些主动形式的动名词表被动含义。 Eg.: The grass needs watering. 感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, smell在主动（被动）语态中后接不带（带）to的动词不定式的用法。 Eg.: I saw him enter the room. He was seen to enter the room. 3 虚拟语气 4 非谓语动词：非谓语动词在句中作定语或状语，指不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和主被动态之分。 5 主谓一致 注意名词单复数同形的名词：means, species, deer, sheep, works等。 复杂句式中，主语和谓语之间会有较长的定语从句，状语等其它成分，应把握句子的主要结构。Observers, …, consider… 一些规则和习惯用法，如both…and…, neither…nor…, either…or…句型的就近原则 语篇理解错误 语篇理解错误指虽然单个句子语义正确，但段落或篇章里与中心矛盾。这是六级该错中最常见的错误类型，必须整体了解短文意思，理顺关系。常见错误有同义词，近义词，反义词误用。 定语从句和名词性从句错误 定语从句由关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose和关系副词why, when, where引导。六级改错中主要出现定语从句和主语从句错误，分清关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语还是定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语表时间，地点还是原因；用限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句等。 关系代词前的介词误用eg.: There are great many people today who live past the age in which they want to work or able to work. (inat) 名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。它们的引导词有：关系词that无实在意义；连词whether, if；关系代词who, what, which；关系副词where, why, how, when。 主语从句：What you need is a sound sleep. 宾语从句：She always says whatever comes to her minds. 表语从句：My suggestion is that we should postpone this project. 同位语从句：The belief that he will be the champion is firm in the team. （四）代词、连接词及介词错误 六级改错中的代词错误经常是上下文错指或人称或数上不一致。 根据上下文，理顺段与段，句子与句子之间的关系，然后修改。Eg.: and, but, although, for, both…and…, not only…but also… 介词主要考察介词的基本用法和介词与动词、名词、形容词的短语和搭配。 Error Correction Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. Many 1. time/times/period of the arguments having 2. used for the study of literature as a school subject are valid for study 3. the of television. Practice 1(P49) Americans are very much devoted to individualism. They have been trained since very yo