光学第七章光全息术.pptxVIP

立体图像 ？第七章 光全息术1、全息术原理2、全息图分类3、全息应用底片z01、 全息术(holography)原理余弦型环状波带片的衍射余弦型环状波带片的制备：平面光和球面光干涉，用干板记录，通过显影和定影，干板底片的透过率函数为:振幅型平面波正入射，其入射波前为：如果入射光和记录光的波长相同，则k1＝k2＝k 。经过环状余弦波带片后，透射波前为：底片z0z0z0余弦型环状波带片的制备和衍射场思考：如果是一个点光源的集合，即是一个物体，衍射光如何？M1?1?1H物光可以看成大量点光源的集合。全息技术的提出和发展：Gabriel Lippmann (1845-1921) Early colour photograph by LippmannGabriel Lippmann developed a method of capturing coloured images in black-and-white photographic emulsions. His stunning invention, now called Lippmann colour photography, was based on the phenomenon of light interference in thin films. His invention gained Lippmann the?Nobel prize for Physics in 1908.?Lippmann照相的原理：李普曼在简短的诺贝尔奖领奖演说中，这样介绍彩色照相法：　“在玻璃板上涂以一层光敏物质，涂层均匀而且没有条纹，然后把它放在装有水银的容器里，让水银与光敏物质接触。经过一段时间，在光敏层上就形成了银镜面，于是就制成了照相底片。底片在曝光后，用普通方法显影。干燥后，就看到了彩色，然后再进行定影。”　“这一结果是由于感光层中发生了干涉现象。在曝光过程中，入射光和底片镜面反射的光发生干涉，在乳胶的整个厚度上形成间距为半个波长的干涉条纹。这些条纹通过照相法记录在胶片上，留下了透射光线的特性。当用白光照射观察底片时，由于选择反射的原因，颜色就显现出来了。底片上每一点只向眼睛发送原来照射的颜色，其他颜色都被干涉破坏了。于是眼睛看到的正是原来的那些颜色。这种选择反射现象跟肥皂泡和珍珠母的情况是一样的，是在珍珠母或肥皂泡之类的无色物质上记下了色彩。”Dennis Gabor (1900-1979) is honoured as the inventor of Holography. He published his findings in 1948 in Nature: A new microscopic principle and in 1949 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society: Microscopy by Reconstructed Wavefronts. Mieczys?aw Wolfke?(1883 – 1947)Wolfke did ground-breaking work in?holography. Dennis Gabor, the 1971 Nobel laureate in physics, named Mieczys?aw Wolfke as one of his precursors in the development of holography H英籍匈牙利人加伯（D.Gabor)发展全息术的目的是提高电子显微镜的分辨本领。最初设计：共轴全息记录和共轴全息再现60年代随着激光器的出现，1962年出现离轴全息术。（E. N. Leith and J. Upathieks)E. N. Leith1927-2003J. Upathieks1936-Yuri Denisyuk (1927-2006)In 1962 Dr. Yuri N. Denisyuk from Russia combined holography with 1908 Nobel Laureate Gabriel Lippmanns work in natural color photography. Denisyuks approach produced a white-light reflection hologram which, for the first time, could be viewed in light from an ordinary incandescent light bulb.Stephen Benton (1941-2003) as well, is amongst the pioneers of modern h