托福听力背景知识及词汇 艺术史.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 托福听力背景知识及词汇：艺术史 摘要： 艺术史相关的段子在托福听力中经常出现，因此考生在备考时需要重点掌握，尤其是词汇和背景知识，为此我们特别为大家分享艺术类的的托福听力词汇和背景知识供大家参考。  背景知识点：  艺术史文章的考点：艺术时期的最大特点(hallmark/feature/characteristic) + 代表人物(person/representative) +代表作品 (work) + 背景和影响 (background + effect) + 鼎盛时期的发展情况(peak/summit) + 人生经历 (autobiography/personal experience)  相关历史阶段：  中世纪Medieval Time/Middle Ages ——“黑暗时代”Dark Ages教会统治严格，宗教控制了教育文化，思想传播。Collapse of the Western Roman Empire, time of ignorance and superstition, place the word of religious authorities over personal experience and rational activity, the Earth was flat, misconception  文艺复兴Renaissance —— Bridge between the Middle Ages and Modern history欧洲在科学技术、经济文化等各方面都发生了极大的改变，注重人性，对解放人们思想，发展文化与科学，起了巨大历史作用- ideal of humanism, , secular, cultural movement in Italy, spread to the rest of Europe, encompass innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literature, techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting, widespread educational reform, development of the conventions of diplomacy, upheaval, represent a cultural rebirth, highly realistic linear perspective, human anatomy, polymaths达芬奇Leonardo da Vinci，米开朗其罗Michelangelo，伽利略Galileo- father of modern science, discovery of the New World, Christopher Columbus  启蒙运动Age of Enlightenment/Age of Reason —— 启蒙运动是继文艺复兴运动后欧洲产生的第二个思想解放运动，覆盖了各个知识领域，如自然科学、哲学、伦理学moral philosophy、政治学、经济学、历史学、文学、教育学等等- A period in Western intellectual, centered in France, emphasize reason, analysis, individualism, traditional lines of authority, philosophy, local thinker, Masonic lodge, Catholic Church, reform society with toleration, science, and skepticism  相关艺术风格：  Classicalism 古典主义——在文艺理论和创作实践上以古希腊、罗马文学为典范，而被称为“古典主义”- a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, classicists see to emulate, formal and restrained, a recurrent tendency, renewal of classical forms, motifs and subjects, neoclassicism  Impressionism 印象主义——印象主义最明显的特