实验动物操作课件.ppt

考试时间：11月12日 考试地点：图书馆电子阅览室;;;;二、选用解剖、生理特点符合实验目的要求的实验动物;四、根据课题研究的目的、内容、水平，选用相匹配的标准化动物;;六、选用与实验要求相适应的实验动物规格;七、经济性原则八、动物实验结果的外推九、实验动物的选择和应用应注意有关国际规范;　动物实验基本技术和方法;第一节　实验动物的抓取与固定;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;第二节 性别鉴定和标记;;;二、动物的标记;;4、断趾编号5、笼子编号;第三节 常规采血方法;二、大 鼠 采 血;三、家 兔 采 血;四、犬 采 血;第四节　实验动物麻醉方法;;;;　第五节　实验动物给药方法;;;;;;;;家 兔 给 药;;;犬 给 药;;;人与动物及各种动物间药物剂量的换算方法;;动物种类;;安乐死药物与方法;吸入性药剂;;非吸入性(化学性）药剂;物理性方法;Definition: Transgenic Animal;1. Test gene function 2. Provide models of specific diseases (progression of disease, alterations in other pathways related to disease, test therapies) Determine function of genes in embryogenesis and in adult life Drug validation ;Two General Classes: 1. Transgenic (overexpressing) 2. Knockout or targeted gene disruption Techniques: 1. Pronuclear transfers: Addition of new genetic material Microinjection of DNA into embryo 2. Homologous recombination between exogenous and genomic DNA (the specific replacement of a subset of genetic material with other genetic material) 3. Inducible/Conditional Knockout;Transgenesis in MiceRetroviral Vector;Transgenesis in MiceMicroinjection;Transgenesis in MiceStem Cell Method;10%-90% egg survival after microinjection 20-60% of eggs surviving microinjection will develop to term 5-20% of animals born will carry the transgene;Advantages: 1. Can use heterologous promoters to drive tissue or cell-specific gene expression 2. Can produce animals that express the transgene at several different levels 3. Can cross species boundaries; no species specificity of the transgenes Concerns: 1. Transgene incorporates randomly into the genome 2. Multiple copies of the transgene incorporate 3. Possible to have more than one site of insertion 4. Transgene is subject to the influences of regulatory sequences flanking the site of insertion ; Homologous recombination between exogenous and genomic DNA This is performed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ES cells);;;;