【高中英语法】动名词.ppt

Gerund xxx 注①：It 作形式主语 (no use, no good, fun, a waste of time, worthwhile); 或 There be no + Ving… a.??It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. 对此争论是浪费时间. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. b. There’s no joking about such matters. There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next. There’s no telling what he’s going to do. 注②：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别： 动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起； 不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起 It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) 在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。 b. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替： It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … It’s fun doing … c. 而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如： It’s important to learn foreign languages. 读许多遍是很有必要的. It’s quite necessary to read it many times. 注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别： 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯； 不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较： His job is raising pigs. My main job now is to teach them to read the text. 3．Object Hearing the words, she couldn’t help thinking of her past bitterness. 我们都回避提及此事. We all avoided mentioning that matter. ⑵. 既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有： begin, continue, forget, hate, like, love, prefer, propose（建议，打算）, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, stop 但是在下列情况下，通常用不定式： a. 在like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一个特定的新动作时： I like to buy a suit. 我不愿意让他们失望 I hate to disappoint them. b. 当谓语动词已用进行时态时： The water is beginning / starting to boil. I’m starting to work on my essay next week. c. 在begin 等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时） She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong. d. 当主语是物，不是人时： The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to melt. C. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别 (mean, remember) I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the