沙土区地埋滴灌和漫灌土壤水分散失对比试验研究.docVIP

沙土区地埋滴灌和漫灌土壤水分散失对比试验研究 　　摘要：选择河北省黑龙港流域沙土区，进行地埋滴灌与大田漫灌对比试验研究，通过灌后土壤水分动态监测，分析两种灌溉条件下土壤含水量随时间的变化趋势。试验结果表明，地埋滴灌技术相比大田漫灌土壤水分散失缓慢，节水效果明显，是解决沙土区漏水漏肥严重，实现水土资源合理配置的有效灌溉方式。 　　关键词：地埋滴灌；漫灌；土壤水；对比试验；沙土地区 　　中图分类号：X141；S152.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 　　1672-1683（2010）06-0121-04 　　Contratest Research on Soil Moisture Dissipation between Sub-surface Dip Irrigation and Inundative Irrigation in Sand Soil Area 　　WANG Bin1,2,3,ZHANG Fa-wang??1,CHENG Yan-pei??1,CHEN Li??1,HAO Yan-zhen??2,YAO Hong-chao??1 　　(1.The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,CAGS, Shijiazhuang 050061,China;2.The Engineering College,Shijiazhuang University of Economics,Shijiazhuang 050021,China；3.Key Lab of Water Recourses Sustainable Utilization and Exploitation of Heibei Province,Shijiazhuang 050031,China) 　　Abstract:In sandy soil area of Heilonggang basin of Hebei Province,contratest researches between sub-surface dip irrigation and inundated irrigation were carried out.During the experiment,the soil moisture content was tested,and the variation of soil moisture content with time under these two different irrigation modes also was studied.The experiment results showed that soil moisture dissipating speed under sub-surface dip irrigation was slower than which of inundated irrigation,and more water resources can be saved under sub-surface dip irrigation.Therefore,sub-surface dip irrigation was effective irrigation mode which could prevent water resources leaking out and realize optimum allocation of land and water in sandy soil area. 　　Key words: sub-surface dip irrigation;inundated irrigation;soil moisture;contra-test;sand soil area 　　 农业对水资源的需求量巨大，水利部2008年水资源公报统计资料表明,全国年用水消耗总量3 110亿m??3，其中农业耗水量竟占到74??7%。而我国是水资源相对缺乏的国家，大量的农业需水就加剧了水土资源的供需矛盾，因此要实现水土资源和谐发展必须大力推广农业节水技术。尤其在沙土地区，水分渗漏速度快，田间持水量低，采用传统的大田漫灌方式造成水资源浪费严重，农业产量不高。地埋滴灌技术（subsurface dip irrigation）［1］是一种先进的节水灌溉技术，将滴管带埋植于作物根部附近，通过首部的恒压灌水装置，水源以小流量、均匀而精确地从滴头稳定滴出，直接向作物根部供给水分和液体肥料，并通过毛细作用向上浸润土层，保证作物需水。地埋滴灌技术不仅能够有效减少水分的渗漏，还减少了农作物根部以上土壤中的水分滞留，降低了农作物棵间蒸发。