4种草皮缓冲带对径流污染物去除效果的研究.docVIP

4种草皮缓冲带对径流污染物去除效果的研究 　　摘要:通过试验研究冰草、炸酱草、披碱草、白花三叶草4种草皮缓冲带对径流水中总氮、悬浮固体颗粒物的净化效果。结果表明,4种缓冲带对径流中总氮的平均去除率在30%以上,披碱草缓冲带的全程TN削减量最高,冰草缓冲带的全程TN削减量最低,差值达6.69个百分点。4种缓冲带对悬浮固体颗粒物的平均去除率达73.64%,全程炸酱草缓冲带对SS的削减率最高,白花三叶草最低,差值为12.8个百分点。通过数据拟合的方法计算当悬浮固体颗粒物去除率达60%时4种草皮缓冲带所需的最佳宽度分别为冰草缓冲带9.77 m,炸酱草缓冲带10.69 m,披碱草缓冲带12.25 m,白花三叶草缓冲带15.01 m。 　　关键词:草皮缓冲带;面源污染;最佳宽度;径流 　　中图分类号:X522 文献标识码:A DOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2010.04.021 　　 　　Effects of Different Grass and Width of Riparian Buffer Strips on Runoff Purification 　　YANG Hui-bin1, LI Lin-ying2 　　(1. Jinzhong Academy of Forestry Science,Xiaoyi,Shanxi 030600,China;2. Shanxi Academy of Forestry Science,Taiyuan 030800,China) 　　Abstract:Field test data collected were employed to compare the effectiveness of four sward riparian buffer zones for reduction of nutrients in the leachate. Results showed that the average TN removal rate of four sward buffer zones achieved 30%. Elymus was the best responsible for 38.75% TN reduction. Agropyron was the worst responsible for 32.06% TN reduction. The four sward buffer zones achieved an average SS removal rate of 73.64%.Zhajiang grass was the best responsible for 80.34% SS reduction. White clover was the worst responsible for 67.57% SS reduction. Field test data collected over the 5-month period in 2009 were employed to estimate the buffer zone width for achieving 60% SS reduction. Results showed that Agropyron riparian buffer zone was 9.77 m, Zhajiang grass riparian buffer zone 10.69 m, Elymus riparian buffer zone was 12.25 m, White clover riparian buffer zone was 15.01 m. 　　Key words: sward buffer;non-point pollution;optimal width;run-off 　　 　　随着中国经济的发展,对环境的破坏日益严重,环境保护的力度也越来越大。水体污染导致水生生态系统的破坏和水生生物多样性下降,对人们的健康构成了严重的威胁。随着点源污染的逐步有效控制,农业非点源污染对水环境的污染越来越严重。在农业生产过程中,由于降雨等因素导致养分、农药流入河道造成污染。在最大限度降低其产生量的前提下,如何减少其入河量,是解决农业非点源污染问题的热点之一[1,2]。河岸缓冲带作为高地和水体之间的过渡带,在控制氮、悬浮固体颗粒物等面源污染物输入方面发挥着重要作用,是河溪健康维护研究的重点[3,4]。本试验主要研究不同草本类型缓冲带对水质改善程度的差异,评析草本品种对滞留效益的影响。同时还尝试以数据拟合的方法确定缓冲带的最佳宽度,以期为山西岚县及全国各类似地区河岸缓冲带的研究和营建提供借鉴。